Hard Disk - 3417 Words

Hard Disk The Physical Characteristics of All Disks The hard disk has one or more metal platters coated top and bottom with a magnetic material similar to the coating on a VCR magnetic tape. In the VCR the tape moves by a fixed recording and sensing device (the head). In a disk, the recording head is on a movable metal support called the arm. Information is recorded onto bands of the disk surface that form concentric circles. The circle closest to the outside is much bigger than the circle closest to the center. Since each metal platter has a top and bottom surface, there are at least two magnetic circles for each size and location. However, a disk may have as many as five platters, producing ten of these identical circles at the†¦show more content†¦Some disk models are optimized for this and reduce cost, power use, and heat by limiting seeks performance. This is definitely not the type of disk on which you want to install an operating system. †¢ If the disk moves the arm as fast as it can to the right location, once it gets there it may have to wait for a long latency period while the data rotates around to the arm location. Newer smarter disks can calculate that this is going to occur and respond by using less power to move the arm more slowly into position while still getting there with time to spare. Th is type of intelligent seek saves power and reduces noise without effecting performance. †¢ One company took its Enterprise 15,000 RPM disk hardware and reprogrammed it to run at 10,000 RPM. Then they looked to see what improvements they could get in exchange for the slower speed. Among other things, the amount of data on the disk jumped from 300 to 400G while power use and heat dropped. The conclusion is that while all disks work about the same way, in any given generation of hardware there are opportunities to tweak, optimize, and specialize. Be careful when you purchase a disk intending to get a general purpose system that you arent buying one of the disks optimized forShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Hard Disk Drive?1133 Words   |  5 PagesHard Drive Physical elements What is hard disk drive? A hard disk drive (often shortened as disc, hard drive, or HDD) is a nonvolatile storage device that stores digitally encoded information on fast rotating rigid (i.e. hard) platters with magnetic surfaces. to be precise, â€Å"drive† refers to the motorized mechanical side that s distinct from its medium, like a tape drive and its tape, or a diskette drive and its diskette. Early HDDs had removable media; but, a HDD nowadays is usually a sealed unitRead MoreProblems With A Hard Disk Drive Space Essay1516 Words   |  7 Pagesreasons this may occur including a hard disk drive which is running short on available disk space, bad files left from software programs that have been installed or uninstalled, corrupt data, missing Windows updates or outdated drivers, a computer that is overheating because of a problem with the fan, corrupt OS, or simply bad Hardware. The solution to a slow running computer is based on which of the above reasons can be attributed to the problem. To fr ee up hard disk drive space you can take a fewRead MoreStudent: Hard Disk Drive and Word Processor Essay616 Words   |  3 Pagespart, what bits the computer stores in RAM to represent the number 123456789? 8. Which of the following is not a feature of a file system that might be used with a hard disk drive? 9. A student writes a report using a word processor, saving the report in a file called my_report. The student stores the file on his laptop hard disk drive. Later, he posts the file on a file-sharing site for a classmate to review the report. Then, he copies an updated version of the file to a flash drive to submitRead MoreHard Drive Physical Components : Hard Disk Drive1141 Words   |  5 PagesHard Drive Physical Components What is hard disk drive? A hard disk drive (often shortened as hard disk, hard drive, or HDD) is a non-volatile storage device that stores digitally encoded data on rapidly rotating rigid (i.e. hard) platters with magnetic surfaces. Strictly speaking, â€Å"drive† refers to the motorized mechanical aspect that is distinct from its medium, such as a tape drive and its tape, or a floppy disk drive and its floppy disk. Early HDDs had removable media; however, an HDD today isRead MoreHard Disks Essay701 Words   |  3 Pages(1) The best thing about modern day hard drives is that it can store up to well over 1 terabyte of data which is approximately close to about 1e+12 byes, so on the platter the individual North/South spots are quite super small. (1) Sadly spinning hard drives are slowly being taken over by a newer way to store data known as an SSD or Flash storage and what it does is this. â€Å"Flash storage is made with chips (no moving parts) and is gradually replacing spinning hard drives like th is. Flash chips areRead MoreUse Of The Ipod As A Hard Disk Essay1423 Words   |  6 PagesHow can we use the iPod as a hard disk. Many at times our iPods are used as our storage devices on a certain level. The mode with which we use the iPod to store is to contain our music playlist, podcasts and some videos. We can also try making an iPod disk by manually configuring the device’s settings. Making an iPod disk simply means making your iPod as a hard disk device. You can also use your iPod as a hard disk to store files, back up your important data or transfer files from one computerRead MoreRoutine Housekeeping Procedures Essay1309 Words   |  6 PagesFor this assignment I will discuss and evaluate the improvements to computer systems achieved by routine housekeeping procedures and the benefits. Listed below is what I shall be discussing. - Physical cleaning - Disk Defragment - Virus Scanning - Disk Clean up - Disk Checker - Windows updates Physical Cleaning Physical cleaning means that you will clean the keyboard, mouse, computer screen and check for any errors such as stuck or missing keys on the PCs keyboard. This process involvesRead MoreThe Bob Woodruff Foundation Ideal Funded Programs888 Words   |  4 Pagesrehabilitation and recovery because we guide them into the correct pathway with our data. Purpose: Solid State Hard Disk With high volume of data that we receive, my proposal to The Woodruff Foundation is to upgrade our work computers with solid state hard disk. Our computers right now have hard disk drives; which hard disk drive have slow transfer rates. With solid state hard disk we are able to keep fast transfer rates with high memory capacity and is more reasonably priced than a solid stateRead MoreNt1210 Chapter 1 Review Essay1331 Words   |  6 Pagesrepresent the number123456789? D. The binary equivalent to123456789 8. Which of the following is not a feature of a file system that might be used with a hard disk dirve? A.An actuator arm 9. A student writes a report using a word processor, saving the repot in a file called my_report. The student stores the file on his laptop hard disk drive. Later, he pasts the file on a file-sharing site for a classmate to review the report. Then, he copies an updated version of the file to a flash driveRead MoreComputer Need Different Components to Make Them Function Properly1228 Words   |  5 Pages(memory) and the motherboard. Together they are acknowledged as a personal computer or PC. Often shortened down to Hard Drive, The Hard Disk Drive is a non-volatile storage device. That store programmed data on revolving platters. Like RAM, it is also well known for being measured in Kilobytes (KB), Megabytes (MB) Gigabytes (GB) and most recently, Terabytes (TB). The amount of space on a hard drive depends on how much it can hold. Nowadays, average computers have anything from 300 Gigabytes to 2 Terabytes

Hamlet Invisible Man - 1412 Words

Female and male are two fundamental sectors of humanity. Anima and animus are psychologist Carl Jung’s way to describe the feminine and masculine halves of the personality. Just like the ambiguity of gender orientation, anima and animus coexist within the individuals of the global population. The blurred border between these subdivisions implements the need to search for . In Shakespeare’s â€Å"Hamlet† and Ellison’s Invisible Man, the feminine character traits of the protagonists are alluded to as the cause of their failures, which supports the idea that the inward battle between masculinity and femininity exist as the characters journey closer to their identity. â€Å"It has been generally believed that males stand as opposed to females†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"From the death of his father, the overhasty marriage of his mother, to the concern about the rivalry between children’s performing company and the adult actors, from the virtue of woman to the art of performance, from Claudius revelry to the grave digging of the two clowns.† (2009) In short, Hamlet’s mind never stops working. His dialogues are majorly infested with unraveled philosophies and understandings of the essence of human life: â€Å"the whips and scorns of time / Th’ oppressor’s wrong, the proud man’s contumely / The pangs of disprized love, the law’s delay / The insolence of office, and the spurns / That patient merit of th’unworthy takes.† (Hoy 1992) However abundant, these reasoning do not dissolve into a solution, but rather, they project shadows upon Hamlet’s determination to avenge by glaz ing his lenses with a pessimistic perception of life. As a result, Hamlet questions the necessity of killing Claudius and fails to settle the revenge accordingly to his father’s will. The perfect foil character for the audience to collate against Hamlet’s feminine mentality is Hamlet himself. His character is an amalgamation of contrasting personalities: good and bad, feminine and masculine. The prince’s masculinity is discerned in the courage that lifts his steps when the ghost of Old Hamlet told him to go to a more isolatedShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Soliloquy On Elizabethan Audience954 Words   |  4 Pagesrevenge tragedy play Hamlet, the prevailing themes of revenge, madness, and morality were recognized by the Elizabethan audience and appealed to them. The play s central focus is on a young prince, Hamlet, who has gone through many challenges to avenge his father s death. Prince Hamlet got his revenge on his deceitful uncle, Claudius, the same man who m urdered his father and married Hamlet s mother. From the original text of the play, a major scene in Act 4 shows where Hamlet decides that it sRead MoreThe Female Characters Of Ophelia And Gertrude Within The Text1612 Words   |  7 PagesThis analysis of Hamlet will focus on the female characters of Ophelia and Gertrude within the text. Ophelia is the daughter of Polonius, she is a kind, sweet natured girl of who Hamlet has fallen in love with. However, due to the control of both her father and brother Laertes, has been convinced that she should spy on young Hamlet as to what his intentions are. Whereas, Gertrude is a shadowy character with little involvement in the text; it is seen as though she has to live through Claudius inRead MoreCharacters Of William Shakespeare s Hamlet886 Words   |  4 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, some specific characteristics of Hamlet’s peers help to show the character of Hamlet to the audience. Horatio supports every bold dec ision Hamlet makes, and is an authentic loyal friend. Fortinbras is a foil perceived in the play, and he wants to avenge his father s death. Laertes, Polonius’s son and Ophelia’s brother, is passionate and impulsive, who is also identified as Hamlet’s foil. As Shakespeare reveal Horatio’s, Laertes’, and Fortinbras’ traits he also showsRead MoreEssay on Hamlet vs. Fortinbras926 Words   |  4 PagesHamlet vs Fortinbras HAMLET AND FORTINBRAS In Hamlet the character of Fortinbras, a young Norwegian prince, has been used as a foil for the main character Hamlet, the Prince of Denmark. Hamlet and Fortinbras have both lost their fathers to untimely deaths. Hamlets father, King Hamlet, was killed by his uncle Claudius and Fortinbras father was killed by King Hamlet. Both Hamlet and Fortinbras have vowed to take revenge for the deaths of theirRead MorePolonius And Hamlet Analysis981 Words   |  4 PagesPolonius and Hamlet: The Weavers of Deceits. The tragedy of Hamlet brings to the stage the palace intrigues of a corrupt Denmark, where the lust for power leads to the assassination of the King, at the hands of his own brother who usurps his throne. Hamlet, a young student and model soldier struggles to deal with a harsh reality that leads him to doubt the whole world. The enigmatic nature of Hamlet, whose speeches and actions lend to multiple interpretations, generates a sense of uncertainty inRead MoreCause and Effect Hamlet Essay902 Words   |  4 PagesCause and Effect Hamlet Essay William Shakespeare, arguably the greatest language in the English language and England’s national poet, has written numerous histories, tragedies, comedies and poems. Throughout his plays, his use of dramatic irony, immaculate word choice and wording, and his vast imagination has made him a successful playwright even in his time. Shakespeare’s scripts for his theatrical company, needed to pertain to the needs and fascinations of the Elizabethan audience. It is safeRead MoreHamlet1304 Words   |  6 Pagesunderlying themes of revenge, incest, and suicide, William Shakespeare’s Hamlet was remembered by many Elizabethan Era viewers as both a philosophical and oft-debated masterpiece (Dickson). These controversial themes attracted viewers everywhere, enticing them to see the play. One scene in particular from the original text of the play where this proves true is act IV, scene iv, lines 31-65, in which the titular character Hamlet decides that the time for reveng e is at hand in an insightful soliloquyRead MoreEssay about The Role of Fortinbras in Shakespeares Hamlet1314 Words   |  6 Pagesthat matters. Hamlet, blind by his own emotional transitions, is not aware until it is too late that his counterpart to the north also plots and prepares. Being one of the first writers to develop dynamic and intricate characters that leave the readers to question and interpret the characters’ actions for themselves, Shakespeare understood better than anybody else what a piece of work is a man! (2.2.305). In the play Hamlet, Shakespeare expresses this idea of the complexity of man through his castingRead More Fortinbras as Foil for Shakespeares Hamlet Essay1033 Words   |  5 PagesFortinbras as Foil for Hamlet In the play, Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, the character of Fortinbras, has been used as a foil for the main character, Hamlet. Hamlet and Fortinbras have lost their fathers to untimely deaths. Claudius killed Hamlets father, King Hamlet, and King Hamlet killed Fortinbras father. Both Hamlet and Fortinbras have vowed to seek revenge for the deaths of their fathers. Since the revenge tactics of Hamlet and Fortinbras are completely different, Hamlet perceives the actionsRead More Reality, Illusion, Appearance, and Deception in Shakespeares Hamlet1279 Words   |  6 PagesReality, Illusion, Appearance, and Deception in Shakespeares Hamlet   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As appearances play an important role in todays society, so they also play an important role in William Shakespeares play Hamlet. From the first scene to the last, Shakespeare elaborates on the theme of appearance versus reality through plot and character.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The plays plot is full of incidents and events that are not what they appear to be. One such incident is Ophelias ambiguous death. When,

Growth of Hotel Business in Australia

Question: Discuss about theGrowth of Hotel Business in Australia. Answer: Introduction The hotel industry in Australia is growing in such a fast pace that the major players in this industry is looking to expand their businesses to take the opportunity of this growth. One of the major reasons of this growth in the hotel industry is the increasing number of tourists from Asia along with the increasing number of business meetings and conferences (Assaf, Josiassen and Agbola 2015). As per a recent research of CRBE, it can be observed that the growth in the hotel sector of Australia will remain same in spite of a recent strengthening in the Australian dollar. Looking at this impressive pace of growth, many international hotel groups are planning to make an entry in the hotel market of Australia (Breakey, Robinson and Brenner 2014). As per a later report, it has been said that the average occupancy level of hotels in Sydney is about to reach 88.8 percent by the end of the year 2020. It is evident that the revenue of the hotel industry in Australia increased by almost 60 perc ent between the yeas of 2009 to 2013; and looking at the current trend, it can be said that this growing revenue trend will remain same up to the year 2020 (Liu et al. 2014). Problem Statement: The problem statement in this research work is to analyze the growth of hotel business in Australia over the years and the factors that affects the growth. Research Aim and Objective: The main aim of the research work is to determine the growth of the hotel business in Australia and the factors behind such growth. The objective of the research is to analyze the growth of hotel business in Australia. Literature Review: Australia is a large country surrounded by water bodies on all its sides. The country is a tourist spot and is visited by people all over the world. The growth of tourism industry is one of the main causes of growth of hotel business in Australia (Li et al. 2015). The tourism has shown a rapid growth due to international tourist arrival from the countries of Asia Pacific. The arrival of international tourists from countries such as China has led to the growth of the hotel and resort industry in Australia over the last five years (McManus 2013). The country also receives domestic customers from all over the country. The hotel business however has seen a weak growth during a five year period from 2011-12 (Sanliz zgen and Kozak 2015). The hotel and resort business however requires a huge amount of capital at the initiation. It has been calculated that for every 1 dollar required for the capital about $6.5 has to be spend for the wages of the workers in the hotel (Su, Hall and Ozanne 2013). There are a lot of laborers required in a hotel for management, front house operations and others. In the present years, the tourism industry has grown three times. The growth rate has shown an increasing trend over the years (Tan 2015). The hotels are developing all over the country due to increased number of travelers from the countries of India, China and other Asian countries. In the current year it is very profitable to get into this business. The arrival of tourist has increased over the last nine years. The hotel business in Sydney is going to occupy 88.8 % of the total population by the end of 2016. This is the highest growth rate over the years. There are 75 mooted projects over the ten major places in Australia. The hotels has almost 16 374 rooms in all total. The country lies among the top hotel development countries all over the world (Manoharan, Gross and Sardeshmukh 2014). There is also an organization that guides the growth of this hotel business in Australia. The AHA or Australian hotel Association guides some rules for the development of hotel business in Australia. There are about 5000 members under Australian Hotel Association. There are about 6807 hotels in Australia and there are more than 180000 people employed in that hotel industry. There are also many casinos and gaming machines in the hotels that attracts the customers (Zhou et al. 2014). The prices of food and beverages in the hotels are also reasonable. The prices are however high in the hotels that has gaming machines and casinos. Moreover majority of the hotels in Australia alls under small and medium sized business employing less than 30 people. The major source f income in these hotels is the food and beverages. A lot of revenue is also generated from gambling in these hotels. The hotels arrange activities and events for the tourists like trivia nights, sporting group meetings and oth ers. Most of the hotels are accompanied with gaming machines, pool tables, conference meeting facilities and others. It has been estimated that the hotels serve 1000 meals per week (Turner and Guilding 2014). However a current report says that the hotel business has shrunk by 10 [percent over the past few years. The employment in these hotels are however the same over the years. The income from the poker machines is also decreasing. The major causes for this have been cited as the decline is the removal of ATM and other facilities from the hotels (Ndivo and Manyara, 2016). Variables and Hypothesis: The main variables in this research work are the number of hotels in the country, number of employees in those hotels, salary of the employees, the revenue earned from the hotel and others. The main focus of the study is to determine the growth of hotel industry. The growth can be studied from the number of hotels in the country. The number of hotels in the country is taken as a dependent variable and the revenue earned from these hotels, the salary of the employees, number of employees in the hotel and others as the independent variables. The main hypothesis for the research work is given below: H0: The hotel industry in Australia has not shown any growth over the years. H1: The hotel industry in Australia has shown a major growth over the years. Operational Definitions and Measurements: The variables concerned in this research work are the revenue generated from the hotels which are measured in Australia dollars. The salary of the workers is also measured in Australian dollars. The other variables like the number of hotels, number of workers in the hotels are all numeric variables. These variables are measured in numbers. There are also some categorical variables like the opinion of the employees regarding their salary in this industry. Since the figures are for the whole country, a 5% error in the figures is tolerable. There are no constraints involved in doing the research work. Research Design and Methodology: The methodologies for the research and the data collection methods are being discussed in this section. The research methodology employed for doing this research work is both qualitative and quantitative research methodology. The research involves collection of both primary as well as secondary data. The secondary data about the number of hotels, average revenue generated from the hotels are collected from the official sites and other online sources. The data about the number of workers in the hotels, the average salary of the workers and the opinion of the workers regarding their job are collected with the help of questionnaire. The primary data has been collected for this part of the research. The primary data has been collected by the method of sampling. The probability sampling has been performed for this research work. The cluster sampling method has been employed for this research work. Each of the state of the country is taken as each cluster. Then from each of this cluster, a sample of 10 hotels has been chosen. The questionnaire is then distributed among the workers of the hotels. Analysis: The data so collected will be analyzed using various descriptive statistics tools like the mean, median, standard deviation, correlation and others. A comparison of the previous and the past year values will help to understand about the progress of the hotel business in Australia. A regression analysis will be done by taking the number of hotels as the dependent variable and the other variables like revenue earned, salary of workers as the independent variables. Research Process: The research process describes the methods by which the entire research has to be undertaken. The first step in the research is the identification of the research problem. The research problem has to be identified in the first week of the research. The next problem is to conduct an extensive literature review. This will be completed within the fourth week of the research. The data collection process starts after that. The questionnaire will be developed and the data will be collected after that. This will be completed within the tenth week of the research. The next step involves the analysis of the data. This will be completed within the twelfth week of the research. The final project will be completed within the 14th week of the research. Expected Outcomes: It is expected that research will have a positive outcome. The null hypothesis of the research will be rejected. This indicates that the hotel business will show a growth over the years. Conclusion: The research will be conducted to know about the growth of hotel business in Australia. The past records show that the hotel business has shown a rapid growth due the increased number of tourists from Asia Pacific region. The proposal gives an idea about the data collection methods and the analysis of such data. The expected outcome from this research is also given in this proposal. References: Assaf, A.G., Josiassen, A. and Agbola, F.W., 2015. Attracting international hotels: locational factors that matter most.Tourism Management,47, pp.329-340. Breakey, N.M., Robinson, R.N. and Brenner, M.L., 2014. Approaches in the Design and Delivery of Hotel/Hospitality Management Undergraduate Degree Programmes within Australia.The Routledge Handbook of Tourism and Hospitality Education, pp.305-320. Li, G., Law, R., Vu, H.Q., Rong, J. and Zhao, X.R., 2015. Identifying emerging hotel preferences using Emerging Pattern Mining technique.Tourism management,46, pp.311-321. Liu, W., Guillet, B.D., Xiao, Q. and Law, R., 2014. Globalization or localization of consumer preferences: The case of hotel room booking.Tourism Management,41, pp.148-157. Manoharan, A., Gross, M.J. and Sardeshmukh, S.R., 2014. Identity-conscious vs identity-blind: Hotel managers use of formal and informal diversity management practices.International Journal of Hospitality Management,41, pp.1-9. McManus, L., 2013. Customer accounting and marketing performance measures in the hotel industry: Evidence from Australia.International Journal of Hospitality Management,33, pp.140-152. Ndivo, R.M. and Manyara, G., 2016. Appraising the role of public sector in Kenyas competitiveness as a tourism investment destination: Hotel investors perspectives.Tourism and Hospitality Research, p.1467358416663818. Sanliz zgen, H.K. and Kozak, M., 2015. Social media practices applied by city hotels: a comparative case study from Turkey.Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes,7(3), pp.229-241. Su, Y.P., Hall, C.M. and Ozanne, L., 2013. Hospitality industry responses to climate change: A benchmark study of Taiwanese tourist hotels.Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research,18(1-2), pp.92-107 Tan, J., 2015. Impacts of service innovation in the Australian luxury hotel sector.CAUTHE 2015: Rising Tides and Sea Changes: Adaptation and Innovation in Tourism and Hospitality, p.726. Turner, M.J. and Guilding, C., 2014. An investigation of Australian and New Zealand hotel ownership.Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management,21, pp.76-89. Zhou, L., Ye, S., Pearce, P.L. and Wu, M.Y., 2014. Refreshing hotel satisfaction studies by reconfiguring customer review data.International Journal of Hospitality Management,38, pp.1-10.

The Death Penalty Essays (1155 words) - Penology, Capital Punishment

The Death Penalty The Death Penalty Why is the death penalty used as a means of punishment for crime? Is this just a way to solve the nations growing problem of overcrowded prisons, or is justice really being served? Why do some view the taking of a life morally correct? These questions are discussed and debated upon in every state and national legislature throughout the country. Advantages and disadvantages for the death penalty exist, and many members of the United States, and individual State governments, have differing opinions. Yet it seems that the stronger arguments, and evidence such as cost effectiveness, should lead the common citizen to the opposition of Capital Punishment. Those who choose to support Capital Punishment are assuming that just because death is an absolute form of punishment, it will be a strong deterrent to crime. Yet, the US is the only Western nation that still allows the death penalty, and we also have one of the highest crime rates. During the 1980s, death penalty states averaged an annual rate of 7.5 criminal homicides per 100,000, while abolition states averaged a rate of 7.4 per 100,000 (Bryant). This data shows that a threat of Capital Punishment has no effect on crime in America. Furthermore, the Miami Herald reported that Florida, with one of the nation's largest death rows, has estimated that the true cost of each execution is approximately $3.2 million, or approximately six times the cost of a life-imprisonment sentence. This shows that not only is the threat of being placed on death row ineffective, but the act is much more expensive than just leaving the accused in jail. Arent here other areas of need where this large sum o f money could be used more effectively? Supporters of Capital Punishment have various reasons for their opinions. Michael Bryant, a 30-year old columnist writer, posted some facts and opinions on the Internet representing the viewpoint of a Capital Punishment supporter. Keeping a prisoner in jail for life will be very expensive considering that it costs $80,000 a year; and the bad news is that the money comes from the taxpayers pocket. Thousands of people will attack the death penalty. They will give emotional speeches about the one innocent man who might be executed. However, all of these people are forgetting one crucial element. They are forgetting the thousands of victims who die every year. This may sound awkward, but the death penalty saves lives. It saves lives because it stops those who murder from ever murdering again (Bryant). These opinions represent some of the strongest and most influential views that proponents hold. However, if our prison system could rehabilitate more effectively, perhaps those who murdered once, could change. Texas being one of the states within the U.S. that allows Capital Punishment also has one of the largest death rows. Jim Mattox, former Attorney General of Texas, who supported the death penalty during his term of office, does not believe that murderers in Texas are hindered by the death penalty. Mattox interviewed nearly all the people executed in Texas between 1976 and 1988 and concluded that the death sentence never crossed their minds before they committed their crime. It is my own experience that those executed in Texas were not deterred by the existence of the death penalty, he said (Death). It seems that even supporters of the death penalty are unsure of its effectiveness. One of the most controversial applications of the death penalty has been developing for twenty-two years in Texas. Joseph Faulder, a Canadian citizen, was sentenced to death in 1977 for a murder committed in Dallas. Canada, his home country, does not practice Capital Punishment. Though he appealed seventeen times, and his execution would violate a two-hundred year old federal law known as the Alien Tort Claims Act, the Texas judiciary system sent Faulder to his death on June 17, 1999. Even a flood of official protests from Canadian state officials, U.S. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright, the human rights arm of the Organization of American States, even the Vatican, also proved of no avail (Ward). Quoting Diane Clements, a protester in favor of the execution, The message to them tonight is to stay home, dont butt in where

How to Find Funeral Home Records

How to Find Funeral Home Records Funeral home records can be a valuable, but often underutilized, resource for family historians and other researchers trying to identify a date of death, or the names of relatives, for a particular individual. This is especially true in localities where funeral home records may pre-date state or local laws requiring the recording of deaths. While funeral homes are generally private businesses, their records can still often be accessed for family history research, if you know where to look and who to ask. What Can I Expect to Find in Funeral Home Records? Funeral home records vary greatly by location and time period, but typically contain basic information about where a person died, names of surviving relatives, the dates of birth and death, and the place of burial. More recent funeral home records may include more in-depth information, such as details on parentage, occupation, military service, organizational memberships, the clergymans name and church, and even the name of the deceaseds insurance company. How to Locate the Funeral Home To determine the undertaker or funeral home who handled the arrangements for your ancestor or other deceased individual, search out a copy of the death certificate, obituary notice or funeral card to see if the undertaker or funeral home is listed. The cemetery where your ancestor is buried may also have a record of the funeral home which handled the arrangements. City or business directories from the time period may be of assistance in learning which funeral homes were in business in the area. If that fails, the local library or genealogical society may be able to help you identify likely funeral homes. Once you locate a name and city, you can get the actual address of the funeral home through the American Blue Book of Funeral Directors, or through the phone book. How to Get Information from a Funeral Home Many funeral homes are small, family-owned businesses with few people on staff and little time to handle genealogy requests. They are also privately-owned businesses and are under no obligation to provide any information. The best way to approach a funeral home with a genealogy or other non-urgent request is to write a polite letter with as many details as you can provide and the specific information for which you are searching. Offer to pay for any time or copying expenses that are incurred, and enclose a SASE for their reply. This allows them to handle your request when they have the time, and increases the chances of receiving a response - even if the answer is no. What if the Funeral Home Is Out of Business? If the funeral home is no longer in business, dont despair. Most defunct funeral homes were actually taken over by other funeral homes who will often keep the older records. Funeral home records can also be found in library, historical society, or other archival collections and, increasingly, online (do a search for funeral home plus the [name of the locality] in which you are searching). Was a Funeral Home Even Used? Funeral records in the United States generally date back to the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. The practice of embalming was not very prevalent prior to the Civil War and the death of President Abraham Lincoln.  Most funerals prior to that time (and even more recently in more rural areas) generally took place at the decedent’s home or a local church, with burial taking place within one to two days of death. The local undertaker was often a cabinet or furniture maker, with a side business making caskets. If no funeral home was operating in the locality at the time, it is still possible that business records of the local undertaker may be found preserved as a manuscript collection at a state library or local historical society. Some records of a funeral can also often be gleaned from probate records, which may include receipts for funeral expenses such as the casket and digging of the grave.

Great Gift Ideas for Your College Girlfriend or Boyfriend

Great Gift Ideas for Your College Girlfriend or Boyfriend Have a girlfriend or boyfriend whos in college? Are you in college yourself? Need a great gift idea that isnt too dorky and is within your tight budget and time restrictions? 1. Online Music Gift Certificates Everyone has their favorite place online for music- including your girlfriend or boyfriend. Get them a gift certificate for their favorite site so they can add some new songs or albums to their collections. 2. A Big Night Off Campus Treat your partner to a night out- off campus. ​You both probably spend so much time on campus that going off-campus happens maybe once a month- if that. Treat your boyfriend or girlfriend to a night off-campus that you both can enjoy without bumping into ten million people that you both know. 3. School Clothes Spring for some clothes from your school or your partners favorite school. Does your boyfriend or girlfriend have a favorite school sports team? Do they love the school they currently attend? Treat him or her to a sweatshirt from the campus bookstore, something from an online seller, or even college-themed items from a local retailer. 4. A Night at His/Her Favorite Place Take your girlfriend or boyfriend out to his or her favorite club, bar, or restaurant. You both may hit the same places every weekend, but if you offer to splurge a little and treat for the both of you, it will feel extra fun and exciting. (Not to mention the free stuff many places give to people celebrating birthdays!) 5. Concert Tickets Major concert ticket prices may be more than you wanted to spend, but think about what your partner likes best. Find something local and a little more low-profile, such as a slam poetry competition or a taiko drum performance. 6. A Book By Their Favorite Author Buy a book by your partners favorite author. Being in college exposes most students to new and totally fabulous authors. Treat your girlfriend or boyfriend to a book by a new author theyve recently discovered. 7. A Book By an Author Theyve Never Heard Of You may have discovered an author you totally love but that your partner has never heard of. Or perhaps you have a professor who, say, writes poetry. Treat your significant other to something new and exciting that he or she might not otherwise be exposed to. (Added bonus: If you buy a book by your professor, you can ask him or her to sign it as well.) 8. A Special Delivery Go for a classic: delivery of flowers or a care package. Even if youre on the same campus, having something delivered to your boyfriend or girlfriend is guaranteed to be a hit. Who doesnt like receiving flowers or a care package? Consider the classic red roses or even something more fun, like a flower bouquet shaped like a cupcake or a bonsai tree. (Side note: With roses, in particular, the color you choose can send an additional message.)​​​​ 9. A Meaningful Photo Print out a hard copy of a picture of you together. You undoubtedly have tons of pics with each other- on Facebook, on Instagram, on your cell phones, on your computers. But what about a nice, hard-copy printout with a nice frame? Check with online photo places for great deals and free shipping options. Remember, too, that you can print out pics youve already snapped by using websites that make Instagram prints. 10. Something to Make Their College Life Easier. It may not sound romantic at first, but getting that little gadget- a better bike lock, a jump drive, a wireless mouse- that your boyfriend or girlfriend has been wanting may make them incredibly happy. As an added bonus, theyll think of you every time they use it and remember your gesture of kindness.

Dance 3 (fitness and wellness) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dance 3 (fitness and wellness) - Assignment Example ty and high lipid levels (signified by the high low-density lipoproteins) also predisposes Joe to acquiring Diabetes of the type two variety especially if any member of his family has had diabetes before. He is also likely to get gallbladder diseases, osteoarthritis, dyslipidemia and cancers. Social exclusion may lead Joe to succumb to depression and other mental disorders. Therefore, there is a need for Joe to manage his lifestyle better. To make himself fit, Joe should start by enrolling himself in a local gym and dedicate a particular time of the day for exercises. By doing this, he would be also be engaging in more social interactions and therefore promoting his social wellness (Hoeger, page 200). He should seek a religious domination of his liking and attend regular services. Also, he should analyse his skills and hobbies and look for a job that befits him. He should also take time to be relaxing and go out for dates with members of the opposite sex to enable him be able to get a suitable partner of his choice. All these will enable him create a balanced lifestyle that would reduce the risk of the above diseases. Sally needs to seek the help of a good psychologist to help her unravel the source of her demotivation. Alternatively, she could do a self-evaluation to pinpoint the root of her demotivation. After the emotional problem is solved, she should enrol herself back to the gym on a regular basis. Since her sport of choice is athletics, she should engage in regular jogging in the morning and treadmills in the gym. Each week she strives to increase the distance of running to improve her performance. She should incorporate the principle of commitment and self-discipline to record improved performance. She should also eat healthily. A diet plan for a single day could resemble the one

Motivation in the Workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Motivation in the Workplace - Essay Example The university consists mainly of five faculties’ namely engineering, science, humanities, built environment and business school. Deans are at the centres of each of these faculties. The department focused in the case is the engineering department which is composed mainly of the faculties with prior experience in the academics career. Most of the faculties have been in the university for around eight years. Another notable peculiarity of the department is that all the lecturers are males. The department has made notable efforts in creating an industry collaboration and several technology developed by the university has been patented. The protagonist of the case is Anne Henderson who is a notable professional in her industry. Changes in motivational factors are explained with the help of the story of her industrial behaviour and the changes in her career interest. Expansion plans of the university have resulted in them advertising for the post of senior lecturer. The preferred candidate for the post is an expert in the field with good experience in research work, good business contacts and having a willingness to travel. The case ends by referring to the state of mind of Anne Henderson where she comes across the vacancy at Midshires University and makes a call to the university without even looking at the instructions. Anne’s Motivating Factors This case study can be explained in terms of the content and process theories of motivation. For the purpose of the case study, two content and process theories will be considered. â€Å"Content theories explain the specific factors that motivate people. They explain what drives human behavior.† (Ferguson, 2000) Content theories specifically deal with needs and goals of individuals. Therefore, it deals with those factors that motivate individuals. The popular content theories are McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y, ERG Theory, Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory and McClelland’s Th eory of Needs. From the content perspective, Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory and McClelland’s Need theory will be used to explain Anne’s motivating factors. â€Å"Process Theories deal with the â€Å"process† of motivation and is concerned with â€Å"how† motivation occurs.† (Ozgurzan, 2012) This is unlike the materialistic approach of content theory. Process theories state that any particular motivational behaviour of an individual is the result of an activity on the individual. Some of the popular process theories are Victor Vroom’s Expectancy Theory, Goal Theory and Adam’s Equity Theory. Vroom’s Expectancy Theory and Adam’s Equity Theory will be used here to explain Anne’s motivational situation. Herzberg’s theory of motivation states that an individual’s motivation level is influenced mainly by Hygiene Factors and Motivator Factors. Hygiene factors are those factors that are necessary for having a stable motivational level. The absence of these factors can lead to dissatisfaction of employees. But on the contrary their presence is not a motivator for the employees. Some of the hygiene factors are company policy, wages, supervisory quality, working conditions, job security, etc. Now, Anne’s motivation level can be analysed based on this theory. From the case study it can be seen that Anne was provided with an array of hygiene factors by the company. ?80,000 of annual salary, chauffeur-driven car, flat, pension scheme, credit cards and first class air travels were

Annotated Bibliography Essay Example for Free

Annotated Bibliography Essay Juleen K. Buser, Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development 37.2 (April 2009): 94-104 This article is a great article that relates to African Americans seeking mental health treatment at lower rates than whites. The article states that this disparity can be attributed to attitudes toward services, alternate coping, and differences in care. This article also illuminates biases in counseling. Snowden, Lonnie R, Barriers to Effective Mental Health Services for African Americans, Vol. 3, Issue 4, 181-187 (Dec. 2001). Social Services and Welfare, Psychology This article states that many African Americans do not seek proper mental health care. It states that the ones that do generally drop out. The article attempts to define the causes and the effects that would help alleviate this problem. McField, Edward, Culture, acculturation, and social capital: Latinos and use of mental health services. Loma Linda University, 2010. 3405317 This article states that Latinos suffer from the same mental disorders as others, but when they do, they receive less than standard care. The article gives the results of studies that state that state that there is an association between acculturation, models of illness, stigma, need, and mental health service use. Organista, Kurt C. New Model for Latinos in Need of Social Work Services, Social Work, 54.4, (Oct 2009). 297-305 This article is wonderful in that it gives some of the best pragmatic models and concepts in the cultural competence literature. This article states ways in which to enhance cultural sensitivity, as well as increasing awareness of the Latino experience and understanding of problem patterns in their historical, social, and cultural contexts. Borup, J. (1999, May/June). Foundations of social work practice with lesbian and gay. Families in Society, 80.3, 308-309. Describes a foundation for helping gay and lesbians for the human services worker. When helping or working with a person who is gay or lesbian it is important to have knowledge of professional literature,  experiences from professional peers, history, and the actual case information. It is also important to remember the family history, for this characterizes and confronts any myths associated with this particular lifestyle. The lack of social support and homophobia can create consequences to those who are not accepting of this community. The author is educating students about the knowledge and facts on working with the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender community and the most important is the code of ethics for social workers. Cavet, J. (2000, Oct). Children and young people with a hidden disability: and examination of the social work role. British Journal of Social Work, 30.5, 619. The recent study described that children and young people with hidden and impairment received a social work service which was at a minimal level. It is recognized that the level of social services intervention available to these families may be a reflection of a low priority assigned to disabled children. A change in priorities is needed which recognizes the importance of knowledgeable support to disabled children as a means of improving their environment and reducing families stress levels and the likelihood of abuse or rejection. Copeland, C.A. (2011, January/February). School librarians of the 21st century using resources and assistive technologies to support students’ differences and abilities. Knowledge Quest, 39.3, 64-69. This article describes the many ways librarians can help differently abled children realize they are special. And by librarians having all the resources (informational and technical) they can further help these differently abled children understand how truly especially able they are. It opens their eyes to their own gifts and abilities and this helps the librarians these abilities to develop the information literacy skills and multi-literacies necessary for lifelong learning. The National Center for Education Statistics shows that approximately one in seven students have one or more characteristics society defines as a disability. Technologies can be selected and so they can best meet the needs of the students who are differently abled. Donahue, P. (2005, July-September). Current perspective and future directions  for social work practice and research. Families in Society, 86.3, 359-366. This article describes the aging gay and lesbian community. Past research of this community focused more on the gay White man, well-educated, active in the gay community and high socioeconomic backgrounds. This study examines current roles of social work regarding research with older gay men and lesbians and presents recommendations for both practice and research in the years ahead. Not only is this community of sexism, they are also victims of ageism. Future work must strive to be more representative of older lesbians, geographic diversity, and classes because these variables play an important role in shaping the gay aging experience. Bell-Tolliver, L., Burgess, R., Brock, L. J. (2009). African American therapists working with African American families: An exploration of the strengths perspective in treatment. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 35(3), 293-307. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/220979644?accountid=35812 When working with African Americans and Native Americans human service workers must consider important factors. When doing a study researches found 5 strengths that African Americans showed. They have strong kinship bonds, strong work orientation, adaptability of family roles, strong achievement orientation, and strong religious orientation. African American family is defined as an intimate association of persons of African descent who are related to one another by a variety of means, including blood, marriage, formal adoption, informal adoption, or by appropriation; sustained by a history of common residence in America; and deeply embedded in a network of social structures both internal to and external to itself (Bell, 2009). Waites, C. (2009). Building on strengths: Intergenerational practice with African American families. Social Work, 54(3), 278-87. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/215269004?accountid=35812 These families are diverse groups of people with their own ideas, opinions, and values. African American families have strengths, and that the use of those strengths within the therapeutic setting can lead to successful outcomes. We also believe that understanding the strengths of African American families can help mental health professionals develop successful treatment outcomes for families. It is critical that professionals gain an understanding of how these strengths impact the functioning of the African American family to empower families who are struggling. When helping this group we should focus  on their strengths and not their weaknesses (Waites, 2009). Michael, T. G., Eugene, F. P. (2000). Red as an apple: Native American acculturation and counseling with or without reservation. Journal of Counseling and Development: JCD, 78(1), 3-13. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/219014436?accountid=35812 The United States Bureau of Indian Affairs (1988) legally defines Native American as a person who is an enrolled or registered member of a tribe or whose blood quantum is one fourth or more genealogically derived from Native American ancestry. When working with Native Americans one must remember that they are very religious and hold traditional values and beliefs. They practice only traditional tribal customs and methods of worship. However some Native Americans may be more willing in the practices of other cultures. That is why the counselor must not make assumptions without gathering further information (F.P, 2000). Kathleen, A. E. (2000). Counseling with Native American Indians and Alaska Natives. Families in Society, 81(5), 543-543. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/230163172?accountid=35812 Culturally based treatments may be needed. This group can be offended very easily and the counselor must be careful not to overbear (A.E, 2000). Latino-Kuglin, M. (2009). Latino outreach. Children Libraries, 7(3), 42-46. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/212161869?accountid=35812 â€Å"Its a way to celebrate Latino heritage, literacy, and families coming together at the library, said Watts. She said Dà ­a celebrations at HCL have two goals. The first is to celebrate the heritage of the community that we see already. Weve got libraries that have large Spanish- speaking populations that actively use the library, so this is a way to celebrate and acknowledge the community that is already there. No-show: Therapist Racial/ethnic Disparities in Client Unilateral http://psycnet.apa.org. N.p. In the present study, the authors examined the source of racial/ethnic minority disparities in unilateral termination form of dropout that is associated with poor alliance and outcome. First, the authors must be tested whether some therapists were more likely to have clients who reported unilaterally terminating as compared with other therapists. Next, the authors examined 2 competing hypotheses regarding the therapists role in  termination disparities: (a) that racial/ethnic disparities in unilateral termination are similar across therapists and thus due to other components of the treatment process or (b) that racial/ethnic disparities in unilateral termination are specific to therapists, where some therapists are more likely, on average, to have higher rates of unilateral termination with REM clients as compared with white clients.

Was British Industry Inefficient? :: essays research papers

By the 1870s, Britain’s economy was enviable by the rest of the world as they set the pace in industrialising. However, her pre-eminence (GPD per capita exceeded that of America by one-third) wavered in this period preceding World War I. To determine whether this change was due to inefficiencies in British industry requires recognition of the contrasts between Britain and America. Although America’s economy improved vis-à  -vis Britain’s, this was out of Britain’s control due to exogenous variables.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Neoclassical economic growth theory states that technology is a precursor to higher living standards and productivity gains. Britain and America were very different economies and as a result faced very different economic prospects in the late 1800s. For instance, the population in Britain grew by nearly two-fold between 1860 and 1910 whilst the America trebled. Britain’s domestic market was not only smaller, but consumer demands were much less homogenous than in America due primarily to cultural ties and wage inequality. Many sole proprietorships and partnerships developed in response to these tastes through niche markets, producing highly specialised goods. America had a national, homogenous market in which large corporations profited from economies of scale and mass production. Factor differences between the two nations resulted in Britain benefiting from her highly skilled labour, two-thirds of which were employed with companies of less than 250 people. America, with its abundance of land and raw materials, focused on using capital intensities in production rather than relying on the relatively more expensive skilled labour. One similarity of both nations was the decline of employment in agriculture by the late 19th century, which freed up labour to be utilised in other industries.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Growth opportunities in British industry were hampered in several ways. The tendency around the 1870s was for Britain to encourage small, specialised companies to compete primarily in staple industries such as cotton, coal, iron and steal, and shipbuilding. The high level of specialised products prevented technological transfers from overseas in developing markets and these companies did not benefit from economies of scale. British entrepreneurs were less likely than their American counterparts to discover innovative techniques, such as the assembly line used successful in car manufacturing by Henry Ford in the early 1900s. This lack of adaptability was not a blemish on British industry because it was not relevant to consumer demands at home. Also, the implementation of a free trade policy in Britain, despite its merits, made it exceedingly difficult for British industries to compete in the world market when nations such as America and Germany pursued protectioni sm to shield ‘infant industries’ from international competition via tariffs.

Genetically Modified Foods Essay

Genetically modified foods have recently been in the new headlines for both their positive attributes and the negatives of genetic modification, this essay will look at the effects Genetically Modified foods have on the economy, environment and you. Genetically modified (GM) foods refer to crop plants which have been created for human or animal consumption, these foods have had their genetic material modified in a way that would not occur naturally within the food. Desired traits such as increased resistance to herbicides or improved nutritional content are some ways food can and have been genetically modified. Traditionally, modifying plant to have a desired trait has been undertaken through breeding, conventional plant breeding methods are time consuming and are often inaccurate. (Better Health Channel, 2013) Genetic modification can create crops with the specific traits rapidly and accuracy. For example, the gene responsible for drought tolerance can be inserted into a different plant species, the GM plant will become drought tolerance as well as the host plant previously was. Experts say 60% to 70% of processed foods on Australian shelves have genetically modified ingredients. The most common genetically modified foods are soybeans, maize, cotton, and rapeseed oil. That means many foods made in Australia containing corn or high-fructose corn syrup, such as breakfast cereals, and snack foods, these ingredients appear frequently in animal feed as well. Today’s techniques of genetic modification provide innovative and infinite of improving specific traits in different crops. For example, physical means of removing weeds is time and cost consuming for farmers, they will often spray their crops with a variety of herbicides to destroy the weeds, this process takes great care to ensure the crop isn’t affected by the herbicide, GM plants modified to be resistant to a variety of herbicides could prevent damage to the environment by reducing the amount of herbicides required. Monsanto has created a strain of soybeans genetically modified to be not affected by their herbicide product Roundup. A farmer grows these soybeans which then only require one application of weed-killer instead of multiple applications, reducing production cost and limiting the dangers of agricultural waste run-off. (Kartha, 2013) Third world counties where malnutrition is major issue, could benefit greatly from GM crops. Impoverished people in Africa and Asia rely on a single staple crop such as rice for the majority of their diet. Rice, however is not an adequate staple with the correct amount of vitamins and nutrients to fully nourish a human. If rice where to be genetically modified with additional vitamins and minerals, malnutrition wouldn’t be an issue for third world countries. (Csa. com, 2013) As this issue grew it became a concern for Professor Ingo Potrykus and Peter Beyerin who created The Golden Rice project, Potrykus and Beyerin in a collaborative effort were able to show that production of ? -carotene could be turned on in rice grains using Genetic Modification, Potrykus enabled golden rice to be distributed free to subsistence farmers. Free licenses for developing countries were granted quickly due to the positive publicity that golden rice received. Golden rice was said to be the first Genetically Modified crop that was unarguably beneficial. (Mayer, 2013) Environmental activists, professional associations and other officials have all raised concerns about Genetically Modified foods, and criticized laboratories for pursuing profit without concern for potential hazards to humans and the environment. Genetically Modified foods have a long list of benefits, but along with the positive comes the negative, one concern for Genetically Modified foods is increased toxicity, most of the flora that is consumed by humans produce low level toxins, low enough that they don’t cause any adverse health effects. The concern is that inserting an exotic gene into a crop plant may cause its toxicity levels to rise significantly due to the new gene casing the host plant to stress and produce toxins as a defense or altering the plants toxin producing cells completely causing it to produce toxins at a rate dangerous to human health. Although these effects have not been observed in Genetically Modified crop plants, they have been observed through conventional breeding methods, causing scientist to become concerned with the safety of Genetically Modified plants. (Enhs. umn. edu, 2013) Another health concern for Genetically Modified foods is an increase is food allergies. Food Allergy affects approximately 6% of children and 3% of adults in Australia and lately has become a major public health issue (Bakshi, 2003). Allergic reactions occur when a usually harmless proteins enter the body and causes an immune response (Bernstein et al., 2003). If the protein in a Genetically Modified food originates from a source that is known to cause allergic reactions in humans or a source that has never been consumed by humans as food, the protein could evoke the immune response in humans increases. No allergic reactions to Genetically Modified foods by the public have been confirmed, evidence suggesting that some Genetically Modified food products could cause an allergic reaction has motivated a number of biotechnology companies to discontinue their development (Bakshi, 2003). Another serious concern for Genetically Modified foods is the production of â€Å"super bugs†, scientists are finding that Genetically Modified crops are a breeding ground for bacteria and virus’s and that they are extremely resilient to antibiotics and able to overrun the â€Å"good† bacteria in a healthy humans digestive system causing severe and irreversible damage after they have been consumed through Genetically Modified foods, there is documented proof that the digestive system of lab controlled mice fed these â€Å"super bugs† become enlarged and caused the mice to die after it’s digestive track was over run by the bacteria in turn causing its immune system to weaken. Government authorities across the world have strict regulations in place on genetically modified foods. In the U. S, agencies such as the Environmental Protection Agency and the Food and Drug Administration supervise projects that involve Genetically Modified crops. Although the U. S government doesn’t require farmers and retailers to label Genetically Modified foods, each product must go through a strict regulation test in order to be sold to the public. (Curiosity, 2013) Genetically Modified foods are new to the Australian food supply, a cautious and in depth approach is taken when assessing the safety of Genetically Modified foods for consumption by humans. FSANZ (Food Standard Australia and New Zealand) carry out safety checks on a CBC (case by case) basis, this means each new Genetic Modification is assessed individually for any potential impact on the foods safety, â€Å"We compare the Genetically Modified food with a similar, commonly eaten conventional food from a molecular, toxicological, nutritional and compositional point of view. The aim is to find out if there are any differences between the GM food and its conventional counterpart, which we already know to be safe to eat. † -FSANZ official (Foodstandards. gov. au, 2013) Although there are many health issues concerning Genetically Modified foods, rigorous and in-depth research has been done to ensure Genetically Modified foods that are available to the public are totally safe and healthy to be consumed, as more and more foods are becoming Genetically Modified more safe and sustainable procedures are being put in place to ensure that the public and the environment benefit from Genetically Modified Foods.

Letting Go

Letting Go In each and every one of us, there lies a fear. There are lots of fears in this life but what we're talking about is a fear that dwells inside of us, where mostly we do not tend to reveal it outside. That fear has the potential to eat us up slowly from the inside till it consumes our whole being. This fear is there in each and every single human being no matter how he strong he may be both on the core and the outside. These fears are but many and differ from person to person but I choose to be specific here and that is the fear of letting go.People come and people go in our lives but what hurts the most than letting go of the one you love the most in your life, the one whom you once chose to never leave through thick and thin. People hurt us from time to time. Of course that's Life, No doubt about it, but HURT sometime can leave wounds in our hearts where scars left never seem to fade away. There are some things that time does not seem to mend. Hard to accept but true. But here's the funny part, No matter how or to what extent these people hurt you, yet you still love them.You still chose to be patient. One of the Laws of Nature is the ‘Limits of Tolerance'. There is a certain climax where one can bear a certain kind of pressure. When the â€Å"limit of tolerance† has been reached, the nature provides a feedback mechanism. We rise from dust, nature itself, and back to dust. These laws dwell In all of us. That's when we choose to stay away and give up every virtue of love. Yes. Maybe we've had our closures with them. Maybe we've given a good ending. But the worst comes into the picture when we still think of changing the past.Still wishing sometimes you were a better person, a stronger person to bear hurtful things that the one you love does. Wishing you had done things differently. Wishing â€Å"had they only changed† and what not. This Is when that fear, the fear of letting go grows In our hearts. It consumes our thoughts Like a fire and rages our mind. It freezes our heart cold and turns It like a stone. Here's when we really make a real CHOICE. The choice to let go forever. To stop worrying what the consequences of our actions could be.This fear is, In fact, against the attitude of love (which always bears and stays). Life Is governed by choices and the choice to let go of someone Is the hardest In life. It questions the attitude of love as In ‘Yes I would bear, but even If I did, would It be worth It? † This question Is, again hard to accept, but a fear of letting go. But Life never gives us many choices and the beauty of this fear Is that the questions that It puts In our mind are only answered sometimes by gluing Into the fear Itself and choosing to let go because sometimes that Is the only way we can find out.Kampuchea Deletion By Kampuchea mechanism. We rise from dust, nature itself, and back to dust. These laws dwell in all Maybe we've had our closures with them. Maybe we've given a good ending. But the only changed† and what not. This is when that fear, the fear of letting go grows in our hearts. It consumes our thoughts like a fire and rages our mind. It freezes our heart cold and turns it like a stone. Here's when we really make a real CHOICE. The choice This fear is, in fact, against the attitude of love (which always bears and stays).Life is governed by choices and the choice to let go of someone is the hardest in life. It questions the attitude of love as in miss I would bear, but even if I did, would it be worth it? † This question is, again hard to accept, but a fear of letting go. But Life never gives us many choices and the beauty of this fear is that the questions that it puts in our mind are only answered sometimes by giving into the fear itself and choosing to let go because sometimes that is the only way we can find out. – Kampuchea Dingdong Letting Go Letting Go In each and every one of us, there lies a fear. There are lots of fears in this life but what we're talking about is a fear that dwells inside of us, where mostly we do not tend to reveal it outside. That fear has the potential to eat us up slowly from the inside till it consumes our whole being. This fear is there in each and every single human being no matter how he strong he may be both on the core and the outside. These fears are but many and differ from person to person but I choose to be specific here and that is the fear of letting go.People come and people go in our lives but what hurts the most than letting go of the one you love the most in your life, the one whom you once chose to never leave through thick and thin. People hurt us from time to time. Of course that's Life, No doubt about it, but HURT sometime can leave wounds in our hearts where scars left never seem to fade away. There are some things that time does not seem to mend. Hard to accept but true. But here's the funny part, No matter how or to what extent these people hurt you, yet you still love them.You still chose to be patient. One of the Laws of Nature is the ‘Limits of Tolerance'. There is a certain climax where one can bear a certain kind of pressure. When the â€Å"limit of tolerance† has been reached, the nature provides a feedback mechanism. We rise from dust, nature itself, and back to dust. These laws dwell In all of us. That's when we choose to stay away and give up every virtue of love. Yes. Maybe we've had our closures with them. Maybe we've given a good ending. But the worst comes into the picture when we still think of changing the past.Still wishing sometimes you were a better person, a stronger person to bear hurtful things that the one you love does. Wishing you had done things differently. Wishing â€Å"had they only changed† and what not. This Is when that fear, the fear of letting go grows In our hearts. It consumes our thoughts Like a fire and rages our mind. It freezes our heart cold and turns It like a stone. Here's when we really make a real CHOICE. The choice to let go forever. To stop worrying what the consequences of our actions could be.This fear is, In fact, against the attitude of love (which always bears and stays). Life Is governed by choices and the choice to let go of someone Is the hardest In life. It questions the attitude of love as In ‘Yes I would bear, but even If I did, would It be worth It? † This question Is, again hard to accept, but a fear of letting go. But Life never gives us many choices and the beauty of this fear Is that the questions that It puts In our mind are only answered sometimes by gluing Into the fear Itself and choosing to let go because sometimes that Is the only way we can find out.Kampuchea Deletion By Kampuchea mechanism. We rise from dust, nature itself, and back to dust. These laws dwell in all Maybe we've had our closures with them. Maybe we've given a good ending. But the only changed† and what not. This is when that fear, the fear of letting go grows in our hearts. It consumes our thoughts like a fire and rages our mind. It freezes our heart cold and turns it like a stone. Here's when we really make a real CHOICE. The choice This fear is, in fact, against the attitude of love (which always bears and stays).Life is governed by choices and the choice to let go of someone is the hardest in life. It questions the attitude of love as in miss I would bear, but even if I did, would it be worth it? † This question is, again hard to accept, but a fear of letting go. But Life never gives us many choices and the beauty of this fear is that the questions that it puts in our mind are only answered sometimes by giving into the fear itself and choosing to let go because sometimes that is the only way we can find out. – Kampuchea Dingdong

buy custom Alcohol and HIV or AIDS essay

buy custom Alcohol and HIV or AIDS essay The world is still in the search for its cure. A lot has been done and scientists constantly come up with different Antiretroviral medicines though an absolute cure has not yet been established. It is important to establish the main cause of HIV/AIDS, especially in youths who form the basis of economic growth in a country. In this study, analysis of existing Alcohol and HIV/AIDS data sets is carried out. We look at how recklessness caused by intake of alcohol end up consuming the lives of young people and narrow down to a case study of a young lady called Jane who lives within Nairobi City, Kenya. The paper also considers the possible solutions to the problem of alcoholism and the relationships between the role of alcohol and new infections. Effects of alcoholandHIV infection in Sub Saharan Africa In December of 2009, Jane had a friend named Paul who was flying into town. It was a friend whom she had dated exclusively and whom she thought had dated her exclusively. As usual, they would drink themselves silly before embarking on a wild romance which would end up in a hotel room. Since they had not been together for a while and they were intimate, Jane asked Paul to use a condom which he did. In the middle of the encounter, he removed the condom because it was bothering him. She could not say NO for she was not in her right state of mind. Having consumed too much alcohol, she cared less about what would later happen. That is all it took.Two or three weeks later, Jane started experiencing flu like symptoms; fever, chills etc. She asked her sister to take her to the hospital because she could not eat and felt really ill. The doctor ran labs and to her surprise it wasn't the flu, Jane was diagnosed with herpes and Chlamydia. She could not believe that she was going through this and did not want to get tested for HIV because she feared what could come out and eventually she did not. Life went one for about another year. Jane worked and took care of her child and never dated anyone since her herpes outbreak in 2009.In November of 2010, Jane felt a bump in the back of her neck; it turned out to be a swollen lymph node. She went to see her doctor to have it checked out and somehow got the courage to be tested for HIV. One week later, Jane received the call. It was her doctor asking her to report to the hospital right away. She had a feeling that the news was not going to be pleasant. She walked in to her doctors appointment and was given the results; HIV positive. Jane was in a state of shock, could not believe the news and broke out in tears. The first thing she thought about was her children, the oldest being a twenty year old daughter and youngest son at five years. "Am I going to die? was the first question Jane asked. The doctor went through the process of getting a second test to confirm the results and treatment if needed. Second results came in with the same news. Jane is now thirty nine years old. Her daughter has been very supportive though this ordeal nd she knows that her daughter will be all right. She constantly worry, feel guilty and heart broken when she lay next to her five year old at night and think about what she had done. She feels very guilty about that particular night since she had trusted him without thinking twice. Jane has a few friends and family members who know about her status and have been very supportive and have kept her positive.However, some relatives and friends view her as an outcast and avoid her. This is the stigma facing majority of HIV infected people. Unfortunately, majority of those who may sideline her do not know their status and could also be carrying the virus. Ignorance is killing many and carelessness is the root. Jane has been under treatment for almost one year now. So far, her viral load is undetectable and her CD4 Count is above 600 and according to her doctor; all looks good, viral load still undetectable and CD4 Count still above 600. Since her diagnose, Jane has tried to remain positive and hopeful that someday soon, a cure will come; not just for her, but for all those living with this disease but in the meantime, she hopes people will not discriminate against those living with AIDS and learn to accept them. She is also on rehabilitation to stop consumption of Alcohol. Statistics on Alcohol use and HIV infection Alcohol use predisposes someone to greater risks of HIV infection (Kalichman et al., 2009). It is reported that 17.2% had been forced or had been forced to have sex while drunk. Close to 80% of these people reported that they had non-consensual sex at least once in the past three months. These statistics have been obtained from the same village in Nairobi where Jane hails from. It is also believed that those who use alcohol and are already infected are more disadvantaged since they most often dont observe treatment, lack adequate nutrition and have no regard for themselves. From the analysis above, we can say that many of those involved in these kind of sexual activities do not use condoms at all with high probability being due to forgetfulness, trust of partner, partner refusal and being in a drunken state as in case of Jane. Prevention of Alcohol related Infections Several research studies carried out in North America, Australia and Europe, have revealed that screening for problems related to alcohol followed by brief counseling of individuals is extremely effective in minimizing hazardous alcohol consumption (Kaner et al., 2007). Research has also revealed that bar based Interventions by use of peer leaders present crucial opportunity to intervene in hazardous alcohol drinking and risky sexual behavior since bars are situated at the crossroads of alcohol use and risky sex. Bar-based programs therefore represent a crucial opportunity to intervene in hazardous drinking and risky sexual behavior. Research carried out in the United States in the 1990s indicated that the Popular Opinion Leader (POL) prrogram successfully lowered the frequency of risky sex among patrons of gay bars. Government policies governing operations of bars can also help to reduce transmission to the underage by ensuring that rules governing underage access to bars are implemented. Children under the ages of eighteen are in most cases exploited by the old by making them drunk while in bars and later rent rooms where they then infect them. All that need to be done is to ensure that the rules are implemented. This will keep children off the alcohol drinking areas. Sensitivity Analysis A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies examined the relationship between blood alcohol content (BAC) and self-perceived possibility of using a condom when having intercourse. The logical review and meta-analysis were done according to internationally standardized protocols. The meta-analysis incorporated an approximation of the dose-response effect, tests for publication bias. The study indicated that an increase in BAC of 0.1mg/ml resulted to increase in 5% in the likelihood of engaging in unprotected sex by affecting decision and reducing inhibitions, thus diminishing perceived danger or excusing behaviors which are considered generally unacceptable. Therefore, it is clear that the larger the alcohol intake, the more one is likely to involve in unprotected sex. Therefore, the role of alcohol consumption in transmission of HIV/AIDS is definitely of public health significance. Recommendations It is important for everyone to take life serious. Majority of people who get infected with the virus often regret for not being keen as is like in Janes case. She happened to have engaged once and that was just the one mistake that led to her fall. Alcoholism has contributed to most cases of infections and it is time people got to know that alcohol affects ones state of mind and reasoning. This impairs ones judgment and what results later are regrets. Statistics has found women to be more vulnerable when drunk as compared t their male counterparts and it is therefore important that women take more precaution when it comes to going out for drinks. It would also be helpful if rules regulations governing consumption of alcohol would be implemented to avoid cases of over consumption of alcohol which leaves one without the sense of judgment and decision. Conclusion Alcohol does not only destabilize ones state of mind but also gives better opportunities for opportunistic diseases to invade ones body organs such as the liver are not spared either when one indulges in excessive consumption. The risks are far too many that we cannot ignore. If everyone will realize that life is not a rehearsal, they will learn to live responsibly without losing control to alcohol in the name of entertainment. However, we all hope that soon our scientist will discover an effective treatment to this disease. Buy custom Alcohol and HIV or AIDS essay

Antonio Luna, Hero of the Philippine-American War

Antonio Luna, Hero of the Philippine-American War Antonio Luna (October 29, 1866–June 5, 1899) was a soldier, chemist, musician, war strategist, journalist, pharmacist, and hot-headed general, a complex man who was, unfortunately, perceived as a threat by  the Philippines  ruthless first president  Emilio Aguinaldo. As a result, Luna died not on the battlefields of the Philippine-American War, but he was assassinated on the streets of Cabanatuan. Fast Facts: Antonio Luna Known For: Filipino Journalist, musician, pharmacist, chemist, and general in the fight for Philippine independence from the U.S.Born: October 29, 1866 in the Binondo district of Manila, PhilippinesParents: Laureana Novicio-Ancheta and Joaquin Luna de San PedroDied: June 5, 1899 in Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija, PhilippinesEducation: Bachelor of Arts from the Ateneo Municipal de Manila in 1881; studied chemistry, music, and literature at the University of Santo Tomas;  licentiate in pharmacy at the Universidad de Barcelona; a doctorate from the Universidad Central de Madrid, studied bacteriology and histology at the Pasteur Institute in ParisPublished Works: Impresiones (as Taga-Ilog), On Malarial Pathology (El Hematozorio del Paludismo)Spouse(s): NoneChildren: None Early Life Antonio Luna de San Pedro y Novicio-Ancheta was born on October 29, 1866, in the Binondo district of Manila, the youngest child of seven of Laureana Novicio-Ancheta, a Spanish mestiza, and Joaquin Luna de San Pedro, a traveling salesman. Antonio was a gifted student who studied with a teacher called Maestro Intong from the age of 6 and received a Bachelor of Arts from the Ateneo Municipal de Manila in 1881 before continuing his studies in chemistry, music, and literature at the University of Santo Tomas. In 1890, Antonio traveled to Spain to join his brother Juan, who was studying painting in Madrid. There, Antonio earned a licentiate in pharmacy at the Universidad de Barcelona, followed by a doctorate from the Universidad Central de Madrid. In Madrid, he fell obsessively in love with local beauty Nelly Boustead, who was also admired by his friend Jose Rizal. But it came to nothing, and Luna never married. He went on to study bacteriology and histology at the Pasteur Institute in Paris and continued on to Belgium to further those pursuits. While in Spain, Luna had published a well-received paper on malaria, so in 1894 the Spanish government appointed him to a post as a specialist in communicable and tropical diseases. Swept Into the Revolution Later that same year, Antonio Luna returned to the Philippines where he became the chief chemist of the Municipal Laboratory in Manila. He and his brother Juan established a fencing society called the Sala de Armas in the capital. While there, the brothers were approached about joining the Katipunan, a revolutionary organization founded by Andres Bonifacio in response to the 1892 banishment of Jose Rizal, but both Luna brothers refused to participate- at that stage, they believed in a gradual reform of the system rather than a violent revolution against Spanish colonial rule. Although they were not members of the Katipunan, Antonio, Juan, and their brother Jose were all arrested and imprisoned in August 1896 when the Spanish learned that the organization existed. His brothers were interrogated and released, but Antonio was sentenced to exile in Spain  and imprisoned in the Carcel Modelo de Madrid. Juan, by this time a famed painter, used his connections with the Spanish royal family to secure Antonios release in 1897. After his exile and imprisonment, understandably, Antonio Lunas attitude toward Spanish colonial rule had shifted. Due to the arbitrary treatment of himself and his brothers and the execution of his friend Jose Rizal the previous December, Luna was ready to take up arms against Spain. In his typically academic fashion, Luna decided to study guerrilla warfare tactics, military organization, and field fortification under the famous Belgian military educator Gerard Leman before he sailed to Hong Kong. There, he met with the revolutionary leader-in-exile, Emilio Aguinaldo, and in July 1898 he returned to the Philippines to take up the fight once more. General Antonio Luna As the Spanish/American War came to a close and the defeated Spanish prepared to withdraw from the Philippines, Filipino revolutionary troops surrounded the capital city of Manila. The newly-arrived officer Antonio Luna urged the other commanders to send troops into the city to ensure a joint occupation when the Americans arrived, but Emilio Aguinaldo refused, believing U.S. naval officers stationed in Manila Bay would hand over power to the Filipinos in due course. Luna complained bitterly about this strategic blunder, as well as the disorderly conduct of American troops once they landed in Manila in mid-August 1898. To placate Luna, Aguinaldo promoted him to the rank of Brigadier General on September 26, 1898, and named him chief of war operations. General Luna continued to campaign for better military discipline, organization, and approach to Americans, who were now setting themselves up as the new colonial rulers. Along with Apolinario Mabini, Antonio Luna warned Aguinaldo that the Americans did not seem inclined to free the Philippines. General Luna felt the need for a military academy to properly train the Filipino troops, who were eager and in many cases experienced in guerrilla warfare but had little formal military training. In October 1898, Luna founded what is now the Philippine Military Academy, which operated for less than half a year before the Philippine-American War broke out in February of 1899 and classes were suspended so that staff and students could join the war effort. The Philippine-American War General Luna led three companies of soldiers to attack the Americans at La Loma, where he was met with a ground force and naval artillery fire from the fleet in Manila Bay. The Filipinos suffered heavy casualties. A Filipino counterattack on February 23 gained some ground but collapsed when troops from Cavite refused to take orders from General Luna, stating that they would obey only Aguinaldo himself. Furious, Luna disarmed the recalcitrant soldiers but was forced to fall back. After several additional bad experiences with the undisciplined and clannish Filipino forces, and after Aguinaldo had rearmed the disobedient Cavite troops as his personal Presidential Guard, a thoroughly frustrated General Luna submitted his resignation to Aguinaldo, which Aguinaldo reluctantly accepted.  With the war going very badly for the Philippines over the next three weeks, however, Aguinaldo persuaded Luna to return and made him commander-in-chief. Luna developed and implemented a plan to contain the Americans long enough to construct a guerrilla base in the mountains. The plan consisted of a network of bamboo trenches, complete with spiked man-traps and pits full of poisonous snakes, which spanned the jungle from village to village. Filipino troops could fire on the Americans from this Luna Defense Line, and then melt away into the jungle without exposing themselves to American fire. Conspiracy Among the Ranks However, late in May Antonio Lunas brother Joaquin- a colonel in the revolutionary army- warned him that a number of the other officers were conspiring to kill him. General Luna ordered that many of these officers be disciplined, arrested, or disarmed and they bitterly resented his rigid, authoritarian style, but Antonio made light of his brothers warning and reassured him that President Aguinaldo would not allow anyone to assassinate the armys commander-in-chief. To the contrary, General Luna received two telegrams on June 2, 1899. The first asked him to join a counterattack against the Americans at San Fernando, Pampanga and the second was from Aguinaldo, ordering Luna to the new capital, Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija, about 120 kilometers due north of Manila, where the Philippines revolutionary government was forming a new cabinet. Ever ambitious, and hopeful of being named Prime Minister, Luna decided to go to Nueva Ecija with a cavalry escort of 25 men. However, due to transportation difficulties, Luna arrived in Nueva Ecija accompanied only by two other officers, Colonel Roman and Captain Rusca, with the troops having been left behind. Death On June 5, 1899, Luna went alone to the government headquarters to speak with President Aguinaldo but was met by one of his old enemies there instead- a man he had once disarmed for cowardice, who informed him that the meeting was canceled and Aguinaldo was out of town. Furious, Luna had started to walk back down the stairs when a rifle shot went off outside. Luna ran down the stairs, where he met one of the Cavite officers he had dismissed for insubordination.  The officer struck Luna on the head with his bolo and soon Cavite troops swarmed the injured general, stabbing him. Luna drew his revolver and fired, but he missed his attackers. Still, he fought his way out to the plaza, where Roman and Rusca ran to help him, but Roman was shot to death and Rusca was severely injured. Abandoned and alone, Luna sank bleeding to the cobblestones of the plaza where he uttered his last words: Cowards!  Assassins!  He died at 32 years old. Legacy As Aguinaldos guards assassinated his most able general, the president himself was laying siege to the headquarters of General Venacio Concepcion, an ally of the murdered general. Aguinaldo then dismissed Lunas officers and men from the Filipino Army. For the Americans, this internecine fighting was a gift. General James F. Bell noted that Luna was the only general the Filipino army had and Aguinaldos forces suffered disastrous defeat after disastrous defeat in the wake of Antonio Lunas murder. Aguinaldo spent most of the next 18 months in retreat, before being captured by the Americans on March 23, 1901. Sources Jose, Vivencio R. The Rise and Fall of Antonio Luna. Solar Publishing Corporation, 1991.Reyes, Raquel A. G. Antonio Lunas Impressions. Love, Passion and Patriotism: Sexuality and the Philippine Propaganda Movement, 1882–1892. Singapore and Seattle : NUS Press and University of Washington Press, 2008. 84–114.Santiago, Luciano P.R. â€Å"The First Filipino Doctors of Pharmacy (1890–93).† Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society 22.2, 1994. 90–102.

Organizational Structure Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Organizational Structure - Research Paper Example Hence, it comprises a multi-dimensional design considering the factors related to work specialization, centralization and decentralization, chain of command, span of control and formalization. To formulate these multi-dimensional functions in a simpler manner, theorists and analysts devised two types of organizational structure, i.e., mechanistic and organic structure. Both the structures are widely different from each other by nature. While mechanistic structure follows the rigid form of formalization, centralization, departmentalization and specialization; the later sticks with in-formalization, decentralization and cross - functional teams in the organizational environment. Notably, these two types of structures compel vast differences in terms of beliefs and designing, and therefore, deal with numerous drawbacks and limitations on their part (Australia National University, n.d.). Conceptually, mechanistic structure is considered to be very rigid by norms and beliefs and therefore, is a lot more influencing in a given stable environment of business, comprising of some routine schedules and technologies used in the organization. Some positive aspects which are found in this kind of bureaucratic structure are that it is clearly defined and regulated according to the company’s heads. As all the operations are controlled and executed by the top level managers, the design becomes much simpler to emphasize. To put into account mechanistic structure, as the term refers, assumes employees’ roles to be somewhat similar to machines and are designed to be operated by others, i.e. top level managers. Another notable advantage of this structural system is that, the structure defines to minimize wastes and increase productivity of employees. But in the present scenario, the company may come across some major drawbacks in case of following this kind of structu re. To state, the

Response to Peer Comments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Response to Peer Comments - Essay Example The Office of the Federal Register (2011) supports my view by noting that, a trading agreement specifies â€Å"the duties and responsibilities of each party to the agreement in conducting a standard transaction† (p. 811). I agree with you that economic institutions define the environment in which transactions occur. I also concur with you on the importance of the law as the institution that enables transactions to take place, which has multifaceted effects since it can limit and/or expand our opportunities. Hence, I agree with you that there will be less return on investment without the institution of law since it acts as a deterrent to criminal elements. I concur with you that economic institutions are important to spur economic growth since they influence many sectors of the economy. However to add to you argument, I also think that political institutions play a significant role in economic growth. To put this into perspective, kindly allow me to use the case of the two Koreas, which were one country. After the two countries split, the North became a dictatorship while the South became a democratic nation. In effect, South Korea’s democratic political institutions were instrumental in the country’s economic growth, in comparison to the North (Glaeser, Porta, Silanes, &Shleifer, 2004, p. 273). Hence, this agrees with your notion that different institutions have a relationship with different degrees of efficiency, potential for economic growth, and the different distribution of the gains across different individuals and social

Marketing in Ecommerce Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing in Ecommerce - Assignment Example Similarly, if such economic forces practice monopoly over some products and services in the internet, they may lock out many prospective players of ecommerce hence slowing the growth and expansion of ecommerce. Certainly, online merchants incur huge losses when prospective buyers use their online business platforms for research purposes. This is because no matter the huge internet traffic that flock their websites, few actually make orders for the products and services that entice them. The best remedy in this case would be to disallow free viewing of products and to offer products that are more competitive and services in the internet so that potential buyers have no better alternative. Definitely, the phenomenon of doing online research particularly for electronic products before purchasing such items from the store fronts has become the norm in many parts of the world. When it comes to food items, people do not normally do online research in order to purchase. This is mainly because such items as electronics and other products have specifications that a potential buyer ought to know prior to purchase. Besides, there are so many counterfeits out in the market and the only way to escape being swindled is by doing own research and the internet provides loads of information for such purposes. Without doubt, there are certain common themes about the use of mass media that the internet provides. These media services can indeed be adapted to an individual’s mass marketing efforts with the Internet. Such internet platforms as the social media for example Facebook and Twitter offer an excellent internet marketing platforms for ecommerce entities. This is especially so because such social media sites offer real-time connection with the customers and updating hence can be more beneficial to e-businesses than the mainstream media in terms of customer

Trends in Social Welfare and Crime Control

Trends in Social Welfare and Crime Control Georgiana Raluca Andrei Explain and illustrate the claim that contemporary trends in social welfare and crime control policy are indicative of a punitive turn. In contemporary Western societies the division between crime control and welfare is blurred, with the two coming together to produce a complex and sometimes ambiguous policy mix, within which crime control policy substitutes for welfare but may also incorporate welfarist notions of care and protection. The threat and fear of crime has impacted on public and policy attitudes towards welfare and crime control through a process of innovation in law and policy that blurs the boundaries between traditional crime control and welfare fields. Punitivity is a term which means that systems of punishment have become harsher and that though measures have a large degree of popular support (Cochrane and Talbot, 2008, p. 11). Allan Cochrane and Deborah Talbot (2008) suggest that the security/insecurity nexus illuminates a set of connections between the worlds of social welfare (broadly, the search for security) and crime control (broadly, responses to threats of insecurity). The policy worlds of social welfare and crime control need to be understood in relation to one another. In the contemporary world, demands for security and fears of insecurity are present and visible in personal lives, in political agendas and in policymaking domains. The search for security is likely to be unfinished as efforts to ensure security paradoxically heighten personal and societal senses of insecurity, in turn leading to further searches for more security. The emergence of security as a personal, governmental and policy concern is reflected in the work of social theorists and policy analysts, who have debated how the search for security may be understood as shaping social relations and social policy. There are competing app roaches to achieving security. Some emphasize the need to extend criminal justice and legal systems to address the behaviors of those that threaten ‘our’ security; others highlight the need to address broader social divisions, inequalities and problems that undermine the security of societies. Security is a concept with multiple dimensions at individual, group, national and global levels. It’s sometimes argued that the responsibility for achieving security rests with us as individuals rather than with governments. Collective responses to the search for social and economic security are visible in the work of institutions, such as trade unions, credit unions, charities, businesses and governments. These organisations and institutions work to ensure economic security through work, welfare benefits, or pensions, and health security through medical support and care in times of illness and infirmity. They also work to ensure the air we breathe is free from pollution, the water we drink is clean, and the food we eat is uncontaminated. The loss of any one of these will undermine the security of individuals and potentially of societies. Government seek to defend the nation from perceived threats, such as terrorism, political dissent and foreign aggression, and to secure the resources necessary to support their economies and population’s water, food and energy. They enter into international agreements with other governments to address threats of global crime. For example money laundering and trafficking of humans, environmental degradation such as problems of global warming, pollution and waning biodiversity; and also to cooperate with other countries on matters of policing and justice. Security has meanings at every level of human existence from the most private needs and relationships to the broadest currents of international relations and global problems. Focusing on different sources of insecurity leads to different ideas about how we can achieve security. Focusing on security may heighten the anxieties and feelings of insecurity whether now or about the future. They may lead us to try to achieve our own security and that of our families in ways that make others less secure. For example, securing the houses with cameras, alarms, and fences, a nd having police officers visible on the streets, may make us feel safer. But it may also make others more fearful of crime. Actions taken by governments in the name of protection from internal and external security threats sometimes come at the cost of personal freedoms and civil liberties of entire populations. Measures used in pursuit of security often fail to deliver it, and may often, paradoxically,increasea sense ofinsecurity. Security is increasingly being sought (by those who can afford it) through private solutions. Examples of such solutions include living in secure residential enclaves or driving sports utility vehicles (SUVs). This recourse to private solutions represents a form of risk management and social retreat. The media is one of the main drivers of insecurity. The news organisations create a false picture of the problem of crime, exaggerating certain categories of offending, such as random and violent attacks by strangers, and ignoring or underplaying other types, such as the crimes of governments and powerful organisations, or domestic crimes within the family. This can result in a distortion of public perceptions about crime, with greatest level of fear attached to crimes which are least likely to affect them. It has been noted that fear of crime often exceeds the actual risk of personal harm (Jewkes, 2008, p. 33). As individuals, people seek to manage risk by creating safe spaces in a variety of ways. At one extreme these strategies include narrowly delimited places of retreat for personal safety, which might incorporate a range of security devices including barred windows, spy glass, intercom systems. Families are a site of both individual and social security; that is, they are seen as being a key social formation that ensures personal security, as well as a ‘building block’ of society and social order. Families have tended to remain at the top of political and policy agendas, with strong families being equated with strong societies. However, families can also be understood as sites of insecurity – for individuals, who experience family life as harmful or neglectful, and for societies more broadly. While recent debate has centred on whether family change represents some kind of social decline or descent into social disorder, ‘family breakdown’, ‘problem families’ or ‘failing’ families are not new anxieties. For many decades, families who were thought to be ‘failing’ in some way have been a target of social welfare interventions and, increasingly, of crime prevention strategies. Families mirror the contradictio ns in relation to security – they offer a range of securities and act as sites of safety and social welfare, but they also present a range of insecurities, threats and dangers. This means that families are the focus of not only social welfare policy but also crime control policy. Some families are perceived as ‘better’ and more competent than others, and some families are perceived as problematic, disorderly and threatening, and therefore in need of different kinds of policy intervention, including crime control and social welfare policies. These perceptions can be normative and influenced by assumptions based on class, ethnicity and sexuality. Families are closely connected to child welfare issues. Contemporary anxieties about the nature of childhood, together with conflicting ideas about children – as vulnerable and in need of protection and care, and as threats to society and in need of control – are reflected in child and family policy intervent ions. These tensions and ambiguities about children inform social policies aimed at providing both welfare support and reducing crime. Antisocial behaviour and hate crime legislation can both be understood as sites in which the criminal justice system has been extended into new areas. In this way, there is an increasing shift to a more punitive approach within criminal justice systems, particularly in the UK and the USA. Anti-social Behaviour Orders (ASBOs), were part of an increasingly large and complex set of New Labour measures for managing and governing populations. Wacquant stated that â€Å"various neo-conservative think tanks in the USA were able to valorise the diminution of the social or welfare state† and that punitive measures were spreading from USA through Europe. According to the article, the USA/UK policy is being defined by â€Å"mass imprisonment, curfews, interventions based on risk assessment rather than need, zero tolerance, naming and shaming† , becoming more punitive and affecting everyday social relations. States all around the world seem to take a puntive turn to young offending. The depth of the punitive turn in USA in the 1990s is undeniable and Wacquant’s thesis is being supported by quantitative data that shows an increase of children detained in â€Å"juvenile secure estate† in UK and Wales. The American intolerance for those under 18 is getting more popular in the rest of the world. A punitive turn in juvenile justice in a number of countries in Western Europe has been more repressive but not necessarily more efective. It has achieved a political legitimacy to the detriment of traditional principles of juvenile protection and support. The article provides important data that shows the high number of immigrants and minority groups under arrest or in detention and the more punitive elements of juvenile justice. It is difficult to estimate the total amount of the juvenile secure population in various countries at various times due to differences in defining a child, a juvenile. Different countries have different ages of criminal responsability, there is also a difference in definition of offences which make it difficult to compare the countries. Security cannot be fully understood without reference toinsecurity, the idea of security implies the threat of insecurity, so that insecurity and security are intertwined. The ways in which welfare and crime control policies intersect and are entangled help to shape experiences of social inequality. Families can be sites of both security and insecurity. Identifying differences in experiences of security and insecurity is important for understanding, in turn, the different responses of policy and legislation to the (in)securities of family lives. In order to keep under control juvenile and adult crime rates, the system becomes punitive and adopts extreme solutions that will only lead to more drastic consequences. Words: 1652 words References Cochrane, A. and Talbot, D. (2008) ‘The search for security’, in Cochrane, A. and Talbot, D. (eds)Security: Welfare, Crime and Society, Open University; Jewkes, Y. (2008) Insecurity, fear and social retreat, in Cochrane, A. and Talbot, D. (eds)Security: Welfare, Crime and Society, Open University; Muncie, John (2008). The ‘punitive’ turn in juvenile justice: cultures of control and rights compliance in western Europe and the USA. Youth Justice, 8(2) pp. 107–121. Reflection I found it challenging to incorporate in my essay the details from the journal article due to the large amount of information provided. The journal article was written in a different way than the course materials from OU and it needed extra attention. The language used was complex and specialised and required further investigation. I developed the ability to integrate a journal article into my essay. I have used the skills that I have practiced before such as gathering ideas from different sources and create an essay, reading and interpreting different types of evidences such as journal articles or quantitative data. I have used my tutor’s previous feedback and tried to be more confident with using references.