Battle of Salamanca - Peninsular War Battle of Salamanca

Battle of Salamanca - Conflict Date: The Battle of Salamanca was fought July 22, 1812, during the Peninsular War, which was part of the larger Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815). Armies Commanders: British, Spanish, Portuguese Viscount Wellington51,949 men French Marshal Auguste Marmont49,647 men Battle of Salamanca - Background: Pushing into Spain in 1812, British, Portuguese, and Spanish troops under Viscount Wellington were confronted by French forces led by Marshal Auguste Marmont. Though his army was advancing, Wellington grew increasingly concerned as the size of Marmonts command steadily increased. When the French army matched and then became slightly larger than his, Wellington elected to halt the advance and began falling back towards Salamanca. Under pressure from King Joseph Bonaparte to take the offensive, Marmont began moving against Wellingtons right. Crossing the River Tormes, southeast of Salamanca, on July 21, Wellington was resolved not to fight unless under favorable circumstances. Placing some of his troops on a ridge facing east towards the river, the British commander concealed the bulk of his army in the hills to the rear. Moving across the river the same day, Marmont wished to avoid a major battle, but felt compelled to engage the enemy in some way. Early the next morning, Marmont spotted dust clouds behind the British position in the direction of Salamanca. Battle of Salamanca - The French Plan: Misinterpreting this as a sign that Wellington was retreating, Marmont devised a plan calling for the bulk of his army to move south and west to get behind the British on the ridge with the goal of cutting them off. In actuality, the dust cloud was caused by the departure of the British baggage train which had been sent towards Ciudad Rodrigo. Wellingtons army remained in place with its 3rd and 5th Divisions en route from Salamanca. As the day progressed, Wellington shifted his troops into positions facing south, but still concealed from sight by a ridge. Battle of Salamanca - An Unseen Enemy: Pushing forward, some of Marmonts men engaged the British on the ridge near the Chapel of Nostra Seà ±ora de la Peà ±a, while the bulk began the flanking movement. Moving onto a L-shaped ridge, with its angle at a height known as the Greater Arapile, Marmont positioned the divisions of Generals Maximilien Foy and Claude Ferey on the short arm of the ridge, opposite the known British position, and ordered the divisions of Generals Jean Thomià ¨res, Antoine Maucune, Antoine Brenier, and Bertrand Clausel to move along the long arm to get in the enemys rear. Three additional divisions were placed near the Greater Arapile. Marching along the ridge, the French troops were moving parallel to Wellingtons hidden men. Around 2:00 PM, Wellington observed the French movement and saw that they were becoming strung out and had their flanks exposed. Rushing to the right of his line, Wellington met General Edward Pakenhams arriving 3rd Division. Instructing him and Brigadier General Benjamin dUrbans Portuguese cavalry to strike at the head of the French column, Wellington rushed to his center and issued orders for his 4th and 5th Divisions to attack over the ridge with support from the 6th and 7th as well as two Portuguese brigades. Battle of Salamanca - Wellington Strikes: Intercepting Thomià ¨res division, the British attacked and drove back the French, killing the French commander. Down the line, Mancune, seeing British cavalry on the field, formed his division into squares to repel the horsemen. Instead, his men were assaulted by Major General James Leiths 5th Division which shattered the French lines. As Mancunes men fell back, they were attacked by Major General John Le Marchants cavalry brigade. Cutting down the French, they moved on to attack Breniers division. While their initial assault was successful, Le Marchant was killed as they pressed their attack. The French situation continued to worsen as Marmont was wounded during these early attacks and was taken from the field. This was compounded by the loss of Marmonts second-in-command, General Jean Bonnet, a short time later. While the French command was reorganized, Major General Lowry Coles 4th Division along with Portuguese troops attacked the French around the Greater Arapile. Only by massing their artillery were the French able to repel these assaults. Taking command, Clausel attempted to retrieve the situation by ordering one division to reinforce the left, while his division and Bonnets division, along with cavalry support, attacked Coles exposed left flank. Slamming into the British, they drove Coles men back and reached Wellingtons 6th Division. Seeing the danger, Marshal William Beresford shifted the 5th Division and some Portuguese troops to aid in dealing with this threat. Arriving on the scene, they were joined by the 1st and 7th Divisions which Wellington had moved to the 6ths aid. Combined, this force repelled the French assault, forcing the enemy to begin a general retreat. Fereys division attempted to cover the withdrawal but was driven off by the 6th Division. As the French retreated east towards Alba de Tormes, Wellington believed the enemy was trapped as the crossing was supposed to be guarded by Spanish troops. Unknown to the British leader, this garrison had been withdrawn and the French were able to escape. Battle of Salamanca - Aftermath: Wellingtons losses at Salamanca numbered around 4,800 killed and wounded, while the French suffered around 7,000 killed and wounded, as well as 7,000 captured. Having destroyed his principal opposition in Spain, Wellington advanced and captured Madrid on August 6. Though forced to abandon the Spanish capital later in the year as new French forces moved against him, the victory convinced the British government to continue the war in Spain. Additionally, Salamanca dispelled Wellingtons reputation that he only fought defensive battles from positions of strength and showed that he was a gifted offensive commander. Selected Sources British Battles: Battle of SalamancaPeninsular War: Battle of SalamancaNapoleon Guide: Salamanca

Religion And The Islamic State Of Iraq And Syria - 1643 Words

Religion is a defining characteristic of most of the world with only 16% of the world having no religious affiliation (Pew Research, 2015). A number of celebrations and holidays come from religion, and are often the reasons a lot of people take off certain days of the years. For example, schools or work offices are sometimes almost or completely shut down for holidays like the Good Friday preceding Easter Sunday or Christmas. Religion is universal and is engrained into most cultures throughout the world. Pilgrimages to Rome or Mecca display this well. Cathedrals and mosques are visited all over the world by tourists every day. However, religion is the reason for much strife throughout the world. Groups like the Ku Klux Klan (KKK), the†¦show more content†¦Long before that, women could not own property. The US progressed swiftly compared to other counties. Women in India could not own property at all until 1937. Even then, women were only granted that right through family inh eritance or their marital status. It is still rare for women to be in possession of land despite the number of acts that have passed over the century. From British colonial rule through postcolonial times and even now, women are still having to express their desire for rights that men have like inheritance and ownership. During colonial times, progress was made by simply the idea of women having rights being expressed. It was seen to conflict with the Hindu beliefs and practices, so most of the time rights for women were only written, not actually implemented. Furthermore, the debates were ongoing and over the years as people persisted, bills like the Age of Consent Act of 1891 and the Hindu Succession Bill of 1956 were passed. The reason for all the opposition of reforming Hindu laws was usually due to how much it interfered with Hindu practices and traditional family values. The more rights women received, the less authenticity was left in the Hindu culture therefore being seen as destructive to the Indian, patriarchal society despite the progress made for women (Williams, 2013). This shows that Hindu itself hinders progress from being made for all people and benefits men more than it does women. Simply put, theShow MoreRelatedReligion And The Islamic State Of Iraq And Syria1729 Words   |  7 Pagescommon topic being debated. There is much debate on whether religion is the cause of the wars we are fighting in this modern day. The most current terrorist group today is ISIS or The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria. They are oppressing and destroying their fellow Syrian’s and Iraqi’s and they are spreading alarm and panic across the world with their violence and destruction. ISIS is a Muslim society, which paints a negative picture on the religion, but they are extremists. ISIS does not speak for theRead MoreIslamic Violence And The Islamic State898 Words   |  4 Pages Islamic State Imagine waking up one morning, walking out of your house, and seeing men with rifles walking up and down the streets of your neighborhood. The armed men directing traffic, checking businesses, telling the women how to dress. It would not be a pleasant morning would it? This is what Syria and Iraq have been experiencing with the Islamic sate taking over the two countries. The armed men telling people what to do, inspecting everything, and controlling all the movement is the least ofRead MoreThe Islamic State And Terrorism985 Words   |  4 Pagesis what Syria and Iraq have been experiencing with the Islamic State taking over the two countries. The armed men telling people what to do, inspecting everything, and controlling all the movement is the least of Syria and Iraq’s problems. The Islamic state has committed various acts of violence in both countries. 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The Islamic State of Iraq and al Sham also known as ISIS, an Al Qaeda affiliation is not only alive but spreading and spreading fast. The group started out in Iraq as the world known Al Qaeda before rebranding themselves. Though both jihadi groups strived to establish an independent Islamic state in the region of Iraq , ISIS believes in a much more brutal regimine. Threating to take ov er both Iraq and Syria, killing and beheading both their own and American/BritishRead MoreThe World Capital Of Terrorism1092 Words   |  5 PagesCRW-3 28.11.16 Terrorism in Iraq Did you know that in 2014 ISIS controlled more than 34,000 square miles in the middle east? ISIS is a terrorist group that is in Iraq. Iraq is the number one country with the most terrorist groups. ISIS is the number one terrorist group in the Iraq. Malala Yousafzai was shot by a terrorist group from Iraq. 4,000 ISIS members are in Iraq alone. Terrorism in Iraq is a big problem. ISIS is the number one terrorist group in all of Iraq. The Global Terrorism Index hasRead MoreThe Rise Of The Islamic State1707 Words   |  7 PagesISIS The rise of the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) or also sometimes known as the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) is an extremist Islamic militant group that has based themselves from around North Syria to the Central part of Iraq. ISIS is has been run by Abu Bakr al Baghdadi since May 2010 and has terrified people from all around the world with their extreme use of violence to get what they want. The group originally began in 2004 with the name Al Qaeda in Iraq, and then two yearsRead MoreThe Management Of Islamic State Under The Caliphate Rules And Dogma1599 Words   |  7 Pageswith network of different objectives. The ISIL end state in â€Å"golden ring† is the establishment of Islamic State under the Caliphate rules and dogma. The key objectives are to be able to control and defense the territory, with possibility to influence, recruit and indoctrinate the young Muslim foreign fighters from the â€Å"golden ring†. In same time to marginalized the à ¢â‚¬Å"silver ring† and challenge the security and stability in the region around Syria, Iraq and North Africa. Finally, to spread the fear andRead MoreThe Savagery Of The Islamic State1502 Words   |  7 PagesBefore analyzing the savagery of the Islamic State, it is imperative to distinguish their beliefs from those of practical Muslims. ISIS is a Sunni jihadist (extremist) group-their ideology is reminiscent of the old-school views of the Muslim Brotherhood, and many of their principles are the same embraced by Al-Qaeda. In adopting extreme anti-Western interpretations of Islam, its adherents promote religious violence to oust â€Å"infidels† or â€Å"apostates† who threaten ‘their’ faith. 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Cultural Wedding Ceremony Comparison Free Essays

Every country has their own way of marrying two people that want to spend the rest of their life together. Each has their own unique ritual of how they go about a wedding ceremony. African and Chinese cultures both have very intriguing ways of how they proceed with their ceremony. We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural Wedding Ceremony Comparison or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is found that there are many differences between the two of these cultures. This is a result of their own independent beliefs and traditions which causes them to go about their own unique ritual, although there are few similarities between the two countries. In the Chinese culture the wedding date is chosen based upon astrological signs and birthdates. Every Chinese ceremony commences on the half an hour which is the belief that will guarantee good fortune for the new couple. The night before wedding day the bride is bathed in citrus-infused water in another belief that it will cleanse her of her evil influences. This is the only way in which the two ceremonies are similar because they both consist of the bride being bathed before the wedding, although which is done in their own individual style. The bride in a Chinese wedding will be seen wearing three different dresses throughout wedding day. These dresses include a traditional white dress, a traditional Chinese bridal dress, and a cocktail dress. Also the groom will be placed through a series Mitchell2 of tests and stunts to prove that he is worthy to claim his future wife. When the bride arrives at the grooms’ home she is always greeted with firecrackers, gongs, and is forced to jump over an iron basin lit with charcoal to represent prosperity and to again cleanse of all evil spirits. The Chinese culture with also uphold their traditional tea ceremony. The bride will serve tea to her parents as a sign of respect. The Chinese wedding ceremony is always filled with symbolism. Their ceremony represents a ladder that the new couple will climb to success. On the other hand the African wedding ceremony is a tradition that stems all the way back to the days of slavery when slaves were not allowed to marry. Their marriage ceremony is a ritual well-known as â€Å"jumping the broom†. This ritual was created to represent the beginning of their new life together. The new couple will jump over a broom at the same time and are pronounced married after they have done so. The broom is often decorated with ribbon and tulle. On wedding day the bridesmaids bathe the bride in hammam before dressing her previous to the ceremony. During a libation ceremony a prayer is said and an elder presents water and liquor as an offering to god and their ancestors for their blessing. Then the groom will ask permission from the brides’ mother to marry her daughter while presenting her father with gifts to symbolize his ability to care. Another tradition is the tasting of the four elements during the ceremony. The four elements consist of lemon for sour, vinegar for bitter, cayenne for hot, and honey for sweet. The four tastes are a symbol of the different moods of married life. Sometimes tribes will mound the couples’ wrists with plaited grass when walking down the aisle, and others just hold hands. Mitchell3 The difference between these two countries with their ceremonies represents their freedom of independent beliefs, which leads to separate traditions. Although, the similarities between the two ceremonies are also intriguing. Both wedding rituals consist of a lot of symbolism. Most of the symbolism that is present for both cultures also represents their beliefs, and every time their beliefs are symbolized is how their cultures are shown to be unique. How to cite Cultural Wedding Ceremony Comparison, Papers

Legal Aspect of Westpac Banking Corporation - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Legal Aspect of Westpac Banking Corporation. Answer: Introduction Westpac Banking Corporation is also popularly known as Westpac, is a bank of Australian origin. The headquarters of the bank is located in Westpac Place in Sydney. The bank was established in Sydney in the year 1982. This essay is based on the analysis of the operations of the bank in Australia as well as in the overseas (Westpac.com.au. ,2017). Westpac banking corporation operates in the financial industry of Australia. The areas of operations of the bank are in the consumers as well as the business sector of the country. The consumer branches of the bank serve more than 9 million customers of the country. The bank has a network of 1429 branches, call-centers, 3850 ATMs and many third-party distributors. The business sectors of the banks are responsible for the operations related to the services and sales of small business and medium businesses as well. The agricultural and commercial based operations of the country are also linked to the business related operations of the bank. Westpac banking corporation has a financial management part which is named as BT Financial Group. The Funds Management related operations of the bank includes many other functions like manufacture as well as the distribution of the investment (Westpac.com.au. ,2017). The Westpac Banking Corporation has its global operations in many other countries including UK, China, Honk Kong, Singapore, India and New Zealand. The branches of Westpac in the Pacific are located in Papua New Guinea and Fiji. The major branches of the bank are located in New Zealand after those in Australia. The branches of both Australia and New Zealand offer facilities related to mortgages and credit cards to the customers or the migrants along with the other facilities provided by the banks (Westpac.com.au. ,2017). The total number of employees who are working in the branches of Westpac Banking Corporation is approximately 32,620. The number of employees working in the Australian branches of the bank is around 20,000. The bank has more than 1429 branches all around the world that serves the customers from all the countries. Regulatory frameworks affecting the bank The company applies an approach which is Three Lines of Defence used for the management of risk that can affect the operations of the banks. The management of risk in an effective manner enables the banks to measure the risk profile and to balance the risks that are posed towards the banks. The growth opportunities related to the bank can be optimised and the risks and the potential damages can also be mitigated. The depositors of the banks, the policy holders and the investors can be protected with the help of risk management policies (McNeil, Frey Embrechts, 2015). The adequate controls that are required to guard the risks related to the various operations of the banks are also controlled with the help of risk management. The obligations of the banks related to regulations can be met with the help these techniques. The Board of the banks holds the responsibility related to the reviewing and recommendation of the various strategies that are related to the banking operations (Li Zou , 2014). There are many different types of material risks that are related to the management and the operations of Westpac Banking Corporation. The different types of risk are as discussed further. The credit risk which is related to the financial loss of the banks when the customers fail to fulfil their financial obligations that were made to the banks (DeAngeloStulz, 2015). Another type of risk is the liquidity risk which is related to the risk where the groups are not able to provide funds required for the assets and fulfill their obligations as well. The market risk related to the banks has an adverse impact on the earnings of the bank that are related to the changes that occur in the market. The changes occurring in the market are related to exchange rates, the interest rates, the equity prices and the prices of the commodities as well. The other type of risk is the conduct risk which is related to the situation where the products or the services of the bank results in unfair or unsuitab le outcomes that can affect the stakeholders of the banks in a negative manner (Daghouri, MansouriQbadou, 2017). The operational risk is that type of risk which is a result of the loss from the failure of inadequacy of the internal processes of the bank, the employees of the bank or any type of external events as well. The compliance risk is also a type of risk which is related to legal or any type of regulatory sanction of the reputational or financial losses that arise from the failure of the obligations of the bank. The business risk of the bank is related to the vulnerability of the business with respect to the changes in that have occurred in the environment. The other type of risk associated with banks is the sustainability risk which results to the financial and reputational loss of the banks due to the failure that they have faced (Lodhia, 2015). The equity risk occurs in the banks as a result of the potential of losses related to the finances of the banks that occur due to the changes in the equity values. The risk related to equity can be indirect, direct or contingent. The risk related to the insurance entities of the banks and the expected costs related to the insurance events is also managed with the help of risk management. The risk that is related to the loss of the reputation of the bank which results in the loss of confidence of the stakeholders is also managed by the risk management strategies of the banks. The Board of the Westpac Bank has the responsibility to approve the Westpac Group Risk Management Strategy and the Westpac Group Risk Appetite Statement who can formulate the risk management strategies (BuchGoldberg, 2015). The effectiveness of the ways by which risk is managed by these groups is monitored by the Westpac Board. The control mechanisms that are used in the internal operations of the bank and the ways by which the mechanisms are implemented are also monitored by the Board (Langfield Pagano, 2016). There are different treaties, conventions or agreements that have huge impact on the different products as well as services that has been provided by Westpac Banking Corporation that is providing in Australia. Treaties are defined as the number of names such as international conventions, covenants, agreements as well as different constitutions for Westpac Banking Corporation. A treaty is formal element in agreement between different nations. Westpac Banking Corporation has to properly analyze the different issues faced by them regarding the different kind of services and the products that are delivered by them. The treaties can be bilateral or multilateral in nature that has huge effect on the different aspects as well. In order to properly tackle the different global conspiracy, Westpac Banking Corporation has to properly enter into different treaties that can be between Australia as well as New Zealand along with different other states (Hoffman et al., 2015). The Westpac Bank in Australia as well as in other locations has no power to impose proper obligations related to treaty in other states. The treaty that has huge effect on the different products as well as services such as savings or fixed deposit facilities that is essential for adoption or entry into force. There are two kinds of treaties that are contractual treaties as well as law making treaties. The multinational treaties has to be properly followed by different countries such as United Nations as this is a proper instrument that can be utilized in order to solve such issues relating to the conventional treaties followed by them. The Vienna conventional on the law of the treaties help in analyzing the different kinds of international agreements that are required in bank and this will help in understanding the relations with one another in the different nations. It is also claimed that the conventions that has to be properly followed by the different companies as this will help in binding upon proper ratification (Werle Jessberger, 2014). According to Werle Jessberger, (2014), law making treaties are the ones that will set new rule in the international law. The treaties involve law of treaty relating to sea as well as chemical weapons convention too. On the other hand, conventional treaties involve treaties that are made regarding import or export of goods or services in Westpac Banking Corporation. Proper contractual treaties have huge impact on the goods as well as services provided by Westpac Banking Corporation. However, if Westpac do not follow different treaties there is no such binding that the respective company has to properly follow the guidelines relating to the treaties. Westpac Banking Corporation is following general treaties as this has huge impact on the goods as well as services provided by them to the different individuals in the countries (Langford, 2013). Proper ascertainments has to be made by the respective bank as this will help in understanding the issues relating to the breaking of the treaties and this will emphasize more on the different requirements of the conventions in banks (Von Glahn Taulbee, 2015). There are different banks that have huge role in providing different essential services to the individuals in the organization (Merrills, 2017). This will help in analyzing the importance of the unilateral treaty that is a formal kind of declaration by the respective countries as well as state wherein the consenting is not bound in order to be followed by the different recipients. The treaties has huge impact on the different political issues that is affecting the entire state and this is essential as treaties are getting more effective in the modern days and this will help in generating and gaining more implementation of the international law as well (Koskenniemi, 2014). There are different effects of the conventions or treaties in the Westpac Banking Corporation that is headquartered in Sydney, Australia (Sornarajah, 2017). Proper convention is essential in nature as this will help in understanding the different issues that is related to the export or import of goods and services. It is mandatory in nature to properly follow different rules as well as regulations in the different countries wherein there is proper presence of the Westpac Banking Corporation (Conrad Ritter, 2013). In such situation, the countries wherein the treaties are followed by the different institutions, it is mandatory for the country to follow as well as adhere to the different treaties conditions as well. The main role of the treaty is to properly emphasize on the role of the different conventions that is related to the export as well as import of goods as well as services. Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded that proper treaties has to be followed by Westpac Banking Corporation as this will help in analyzing the different rules and regulations that is followed by them. The different treaties such as conventional as well as law making treaties is essential in nature to be followed as this will help in maintaining proper as well as peaceful environment. There can be different situations wherein the treaties may not be followed by the bank wherein negotiations has to be made easier in nature and this will help in following the treaties as this has huge positive impact on the banks in different countries as well. It has been seen that the treaties have huge impact on the political factors in the respective countries and this will have huge as well as powerful state that will break the international law. The proper principle of the cultural diversity is adopted by the respective bank in Australia as well as in New Zealand as this will help them in proper protection of the goods as well as services provided by them in other countries as well as to the individuals. The main purpose of the convention or the agreements in Westpac Banking Corporation is to adopt cultural diversity and this will help in gaining more competitive advantage in the entire country as well. Proper cultural measures as well as policies has to be ascertained by the Westpac Banking Corporation in Australia as the main headquarter is situated there and this will have huge impact on the export and import of goods as well as services. References Buch, C. M., Goldberg, L. S. (2015). International banking and liquidity risk transmission: Lessons from across countries.IMF Economic Review,63(3), 377-410. Conrad, C. R., Ritter, E. H. (2013). Treaties, tenure, and torture: The conflicting domestic effects of international law.The Journal of Politics,75(2), 397-409. Daghouri, A., Mansouri, K., Qbadou, M. (2017, April). Towards a decision support system, based on the systemic and multi-agent approaches for organizational performance evaluation of a risk management unit: Banks case. In2017 Intelligent Systems and Computer Vision (ISCV)(pp. 1-8). IEEE. DeAngelo, H., Stulz, R. M. (2015). Liquid-claim production, risk management, and bank capital structure: Why high leverage is optimal for banks.Journal of Financial Economics,116(2), 219-236. Hoffman, S. J., Outterson, K., Rttingen, J. A., Cars, O., Clift, C., Rizvi, Z., ... Zorzet, A. (2015). An international legal framework to address antimicrobial resistance.Bulletin of the World Health Organization,93(2), 66-66. Koskenniemi, M. (2014). Fragmentation of international law: difficulties arising from the diversification and expansion of international law: Report of the study group of the international law commission. Langfield, S., Pagano, M. (2016). Bank bias in Europe: effects on systemic risk and growth.Economic Policy,31(85), 51-106. Langford, M. (Ed.). (2013).Global justice, state duties: the extraterritorial scope of economic, social, and cultural rights in international law. Cambridge University Press. Li, F., Zou, Y. (2014). The Impact of Credit Risk Management on Profitability of Commercial Banks.Umea School of Business and Economic. Lodhia, S. (2015). Exploring the transition to integrated reporting through a practice lens: An Australian customer owned bank perspective.Journal of Business Ethics,129(3), 585-598. McNeil, A. J., Frey, R., Embrechts, P. (2015).Quantitative risk management: Concepts, techniques and tools. Princeton university press. Merrills, J. G. (2017).International dispute settlement. Cambridge university press. Sornarajah, M. (2017).The international law on foreign investment. Cambridge university press. Von Glahn, G., Taulbee, J. L. (2015).Law among nations: an introduction to public international law. Routledge. Werle, G., Jessberger, F. (2014).Principles of international criminal law. OUP Oxford. Westpac.com.au. (2017).Risk management | Westpac.Westpac.com.au. Retrieved 15 December 2017, from https://www.westpac.com.au/about-westpac/westpac-group/corporate-governance/risk-management/